Muscles of the forearm, their functions

The muscles of the shoulder girdle belong to the muscle group of the upper limb. First of all, they are muscles: supraspinous, small round, subacute, deltoid, subscapular and large round. They are located around the shoulder joint, thereby helping him to move. The muscles of the forearm and the hand, as well as the shoulder muscles, also refer to the muscles of the upper limb, but to its co-part - the arm. The muscles of the forearm are divided into two groups: the posterior and anterior. The front group includes a layer of surface, deep and two additional layers. The forearm muscles of the surface layer of the front group include:

1. The brachial muscle, which is fixed to the radius bone, to its distal end. It leads to flexion of the forearm and helps the hand to occupy a position intermediate between pronation and supination.

2. The pronator is round, which is fixed to the radial bone, to its middle third, and takes part in the fold of the forearm.

3. The wrist flexor, attached to the beginning of the second metacarpal bone. He controls the fold of the brush and partially penetrates it.

4. Flexor wrist elbow, consisting of two heads - the shoulder and the elbow. He controls and flexes and brings the brush.

5. The palmar muscle is long, taking part in the flexion of the hand and straining palmar aponeurosis.

6. The flexor of the fingers is superficial, bends the middle phalanges on the II-V fingers and also takes part in the fold of the hand.

The forearm muscles belonging to the deep layer of the front group include:

1. The flexor is the long finger of the large one, which takes part in the fold of the wrist and, in addition, bends the phalanx distal on the thumb.

2. The flexor of the fingers is deep, which bends and phalanges distal on the II-V fingers, and completely brush.

3. The pronator square, penetrates the forearm.

Muscles of the forearm of the posterior group have two layers - deep and superficial. The deep layer belonging to the rear group includes:

1. The supinator, which is above the muscles superficial and suppurates the forearm.

2. A long muscle that pulls the finger of the brush large and completely brush.

3. Extensor of the short toe large on the hand, attached to the base of the phalanx proximal to the thumb. He removes a large finger on the wrist and extends the phalanx proximal.

4. Extensor long finger of the large on the brush, attached to the base of the phalanx distal on the thumb. He leads to the wriggling of the finger of the large brush and partially removes it.

5. The extensor of the index finger, fixed on the phalanx proximal to the index finger from the back side. He unbends, accordingly, the index finger.

The surface layer belonging to the rear group includes:

1. The extensor of the wrist is radial long, fixed to the beginning of the second metacarpal bone from the back side. He bends his forearm very slightly and, together with the flexor of the wrist, the beam expands and withdraws it.

2. The extensor of the wrist is radial, short, attached to the beginning of the third metacarpal bone from the back and performing the function of extension of the hand.

3. The extensor of the fingers is a muscular abdomen, which first passes into four tendons, which in turn are transformed into stretch tendons, fixed to the base of the phalanges distal and middle on the II-V fingers. Performs the function of extension of both fingers and hands.

4. Extender of the little finger, attached to the base of the phalanges of the middle and distal on the V finger. He unbends the little finger separately.

5. Extensor wrist elbow, fixed at the beginning of the fifth metacarpal bone. He extends the brush and leads it. Thanks to all the above muscles, movements in the joints of the wrist and elbow, as well as in the joints of the fingers and the hand are possible.