Modern thermal insulation materials: types and properties (table), application

For any room does not prevent insulation, despite the temperature regime. In the winter cold the room will become warmer, while the heat will be much easier to bear. Warming can create a comfortable climate for living and working.

Modern manufacturers are trying to produce a variety of materials, each of which is intended for basic and additional tasks. In the store you can find a thermal insulation, represented by bundles, granules, etc. In addition, you can prefer a heater in the form of mats, cylinders and blocks.

First of all, attention should be paid not to form, but to content and quality characteristics. Thermal insulation materials, the types and properties of which will be described below, must be chosen, guided primarily by the qualities of thermal conductivity. This characteristic indicates how much heat will pass through this material.

It is possible to isolate the thermal insulation of two types, the first of which has reflective characteristics, while the second one has the preventive properties. The first materials can reduce heat loss due to a decrease in infrared radiation. As for the preventive species, it is used most often. It provides for the use of materials with insignificant qualities of thermal conductivity. In this role are three types, among them - inorganic, mixed and organic.

Types of heaters

Thermal insulation materials, the types and properties of which will be described in the article, are widely represented in the modern market. For their production, raw materials are used that have a natural origin, namely, woodworking and agricultural waste. Among other things, in the composition of organic insulation there are some types of cement and plastic.

The obtained material is characterized by excellent resistance to ignition, it is not affected by moisture, it does not react to biologically active substances. Used a heater where the surface does not heat up more than 150 degrees Celsius. Organic are used in the role of the inner layer of multilayer structures. Here you can select plaster facades. Below are some types of organic insulation.

Properties of arbolite

Considering the thermal insulation properties of materials, you will certainly pay attention to the arbolite, which is quite new in its field. It is made from chips, cane, straw and finely chopped sawdust. Among the ingredients are chemical additives and cement.

At the final stage of production, the heater is treated with a mineralizer. The density of this material varies from 500 to 700 kilograms per cubic meter, while the coefficient of thermal conductivity varies from 0.08 to 0.12 watts per meter to Kelvin. Specialists are often interested in the ultimate compressive strength , it is in the range of 0.5 to 3.5 megapascals. The flexural strength is from 0.4 to 1 megapascal.

Characteristics of foam polyvinylchloride insulation

Considering the types of insulation materials, you are sure to meet this heater, which is made of polyvinyl chloride resins, acquiring a cellular structure. The material can be called universal because it can be both soft and hard. You can choose foam polyvinyl chloride for insulation of the facade, walls, roof, entrance doors, as well as the floor. Density, or rather its average value, is about 0.1 kilograms per cubic meter.

Heat-insulated particle board

Modern insulating materials include a heater made of particle board. The basis is small chips, which is 9/10 of the total volume of the material. In the role of the remaining ingredients synthetic resins, a hydrophobizer and antiseptic substances are used.

Density varies from 500 to 1000 kilograms per cubic meter. The tensile strength reaches a value of 0.5 megapascals. Humidity can be from 5 to 12%, while the flexural strength can be as high as 25 megapascals. When exposed to moisture, the material can absorb water from 5 to 30% of the total volume.

Features of DVP

Considering the best heat-insulating materials, you can pay attention to a heater made of fibreboard insulation board. In composition, it resembles chipboard. It is based on pruning stalks of straw corn or wood waste. In the production process, even paper can be used. Synthetic resins are used as a binder. Used and additives in the form of fire retardants, antiseptics and hydrophobizing substances.

Main characteristics of DWIP

Such construction thermal insulation materials are characterized by a density that does not exceed 250 kilograms per cubic meter. 12 megapixels is the bending strength. The coefficient of thermal conductivity can not be greater than the figure limited to 0.07 watts per meter by Kelvin.

Polyurethane insulation foam

Characteristics of heat insulation materials, which can now be found on the market, we consider in the article. If we talk about polyurethane foam, it is characterized by good sound-absorbing properties, it undergoes excellent chemical exposure, and is also not afraid of moisture. Polyurethane foam is applied by spraying, which allows you to handle not only the floor, but also the ceiling, as well as walls. Among other things, it can be used to insulate surfaces with complex configurations. At the same time, cold bridges are not formed .

Main characteristics

Density varies from 40 to 80 kilograms per cubic meter. If you reach the figure of 50 kilograms per cubic meter, then the material will demonstrate the quality of moisture resistance. The coefficient of thermal conductivity reaches a maximum of 0.028 watts per meter per Kelvin. This value can be called the best among those that have modern insulating materials.

Characteristics of penoizol

Considering the basic heat-insulating materials described in the article, it is possible to isolate penoizol. In the course of production, glycerin is added to eliminate the qualities of brittleness. In the sale of penoizol is found in the form of blocks or crumbs. The manufacturer produces this insulation also in a liquid form, while pouring heat insulation in a special cavity. When exposed to room temperature, the structure begins to harden.

Qualitative characteristics

Density does not exceed twenty kilograms per cubic meter. If you compare with the characteristics of a traffic jam, then this figure is less than ten times. The coefficient of thermal conductivity does not exceed 0.03 watts per meter per Kelvin. The ignition temperature is 300 degrees. At a lower temperature, the material does not burn, but is charred. As a minus in this case it is possible to allocate defenselessness before aggressive chemical substances. Among other things, the defect is expressed in a strong absorption of moisture.

Features of expanded polystyrene

If you are considering thermal insulation materials, types and properties, the table of which is presented at the beginning of the article, then you should pay special attention to the expanded polystyrene today. At 98% it consists of air bubbles. The composition contains polystyrene and a small amount of modifiers.

The coefficient of thermal conductivity is a maximum of 0.042 watts per meter per Kelvin. The material has high waterproofing qualities and is resistant to corrosion. It can be affected by reagents and microflora without changing the quality characteristics. Most consumers choose foam polystyrene because of low flammability, so the material fades out on its own. If it lights, then the release of heat energy occurs 7 times less intensively compared to wood.

Using

Styrofoam is used for insulation of various surfaces and structures. It can be laid under the screed, without fear of damage and punching. Thus, for the arrangement of the floor, it is necessary to lay a heater with a bandage of seams, then lay a reinforcing mesh on which a concrete screed is poured. The floor is very durable and insulated. It is important to exclude the formation of abutting seams, which can cause cold penetration.

Features of fibrolite

Considering insulation materials (types and properties, the table is presented in the article), you can buy fibrolite. It is made of wood chips, which are called wood wool. Among the ingredients, a magnesian component or cement can be isolated. The material in the form of plates is produced, it is not afraid of biological and chemical aggressive influences, and it is also well able to protect against noise.

Use of fibrolite

This insulation can be used in rooms that are operated at high humidity. This applies, for example, to swimming pools. The material can be used as a non-removable formwork, which acts as a heat insulation material during operation. Fibrolite is indispensable in the construction of living quarters, cellars and attics. It is often used to form partitions, floors in buildings of monolithic and carcass-wood type.

Use of eco-wool

If you choose thermal insulation materials (types and properties, the table - all this is considered), then ecowool is also an excellent solution. It provides a high level of sound insulation and heat resistance. However, it must be taken into account that in this case there is a need for additional hydro-protection, since the canvas is capable of absorbing moisture. This parameter varies from 9 to 15%, which is quite impressive for a heater.

Conclusion

Thermal insulation materials (types and properties, the table - all the necessary information is presented above) have different technical characteristics, but the choice should be made only after you study their properties.