Methods of water treatment

Water is the foundation of life on our planet. This substance is very common on Earth and is truly unique. Life has come from water, in all organisms it is the environment in which the chemical reactions necessary for existence take place. Also this substance itself becomes a participant in some biological processes.

In nature there is no absolutely pure water. It contains various impurities that enter it from the environment. In rivers and reservoirs, the amount of dissolved substances is up to 0.1%, and in seas and oceans - 3.5%.

In order for this vital substance to become usable, there are various methods for purifying water. The main one is filtration through the layers of any porous substance, which can serve as coal, calcined clay, gravel or sand, which allows you to get rid of suspended particles and the bulk of bacteria.

In order for water from rivers or lakes to enter the water supply network, it is brought to the required quality. This process takes place at treatment facilities. The removal of suspended particles, allowing to clarify and discolor the substance, is called coagulation. Under the influence of special reagents, which can serve as substances of mineral origin, and polymers, adhesion of solid impurities in the form of flakes occurs. Then the water settles, and then it is further filtered. The disinfection process is carried out by the addition of chlorine in the form of lime. It can also be in a liquid state. In addition, ozone can be used.

Modern methods of water treatment allow decontamination from underground sources with the help of ultraviolet rays. Fluorine, the presence of which exceeds the standards, is displayed by filters containing activated alumina.

Methods of water purification allow to get rid of radioactive particles. To do this, deactivate. To remove impurities that impart an unnecessary color and odor, deodorize. This process is carried out by oxidation with ozone, potassium permanganate or chlorine dioxide. Also, sorption with activated carbon is possible .

Modern industry produces a variety of devices that allow, using tap water, to get a better product. These include filters having one cleaning stage. They are issued in the form of nozzles on a water tap or jugs. Their function is to purify from chlorine and various mechanical impurities. The methods of purification of drinking water, in which such devices are used, are based on the retention of suspended particles in the filter element. However, the resource of the replaceable substance is extremely small. It averages 400 liters.

Methods of water treatment with two- and also three-stage filters allow to get rid of iron, pesticides, chlorine, mechanical impurities, and also hard salts. The cartridges contained in such devices produce several cycles of tap water supply to the required quality. At the first stage, mechanical cleaning is carried out, on the second stage - cleaning with activated carbon. When using three-stage filters, ion-exchange resin or activated carbon is additionally used, which is enriched with various additives.

The most high-quality cleaning in household conditions can be achieved using reverse osmosis. It allows you to rid the water of nitrites and arsenic, asbestos and fluorine, iron and chlorine, all viruses and bacteria, magnesium and mercury, as well as nitrates. Such filters consist of mineralizers, ultraviolet lamps. These devices have high performance, in addition, they are compact, which is quite important when used at home.

Methods of water purification using membrane filters, can remove the smallest suspended particles, as well as manganese, arsenic, mercury, iron, salts of heavy metals. Eliminate such devices and from bacteria and viruses.