Methods of Waste Management

To date, the problem of recycling is very urgent , which is becoming more and more every year. The greatest harm is caused by unorganized discarded garbage. There are three options for handling hazardous waste:

1. Export to specially organized landfills;

2. Reuse;

3. burning.

All of them have their shortcomings.

Recycling of garbage is effective from an economic and ecological point of view, but not always because of a number of existing problems. The essence of the 1 complication is that the trash must be sorted. Scrap metal, paper, plastic, should be separated. Wastes in the landfill are almost not subject to sorting, since manual labor is not only inefficient but also dangerous, and the sorting process itself is not yet automated. Therefore, the best solution is to sort the garbage when it is ejected. In villages, villages and villages it has long been customary to sort organic and inorganic waste. The garbage of vegetable and animal origin is composted there, resulting in an excellent fertilizer. In the cities, there is no such practice. Although there are containers of different colors abroad for different kinds of garbage. 2 complication is the removal of waste to the processing site. For example, the battle of glass can be reworked in glass containers, that is, near each big city it is necessary to build a glass factory. Another situation with electric bulbs. They contain rare metals - tungsten and molybdenum. Their processing takes place only at high temperatures, which are achieved by a powerful reactor. That is, it is not economically profitable to build around each major city an enterprise engaged in the production of electric bulbs. Therefore, their utilization involves collecting from all landfills and exporting to a certain place. This is quite an expensive exercise, in addition, it must be taken into account that a large number of transport units worsen the ecological situation. 3 complication - garbage lots are different, so the products produced from garbage will not be of excellent quality. That is, the idea of re-using garbage is not as good as it seems at first glance.

The cheapest way to handle waste is to take garbage to a landfill, but it is short-sighted. Landfills that are located near large cities are growing at a tremendous rate. The ground below them sags for tens of meters. Toxic substances enter groundwater, and then into water bodies, dust from landfills spreads around the neighborhood and harms the environment. In such places, frequent fires occur due to the ignition of gases that are formed during decay, and at the same time, harmful substances are released into the atmosphere. Buried compacted debris is closest to the groundwater. However, the burial process is quite expensive and the effect from it will only be when there is not a lot of garbage. Building debris is one of harmless to the natural environment. It is often used to fall asleep pits, ravines, etc.

Here is an example of a partial solution of environmental problems. In Western countries, drainage systems are organized, which prevent the rise of groundwater to the level of contaminated soil, and ventilation eliminates the formation of combustible gases. The landfill is evenly filled with garbage.

Let us consider the combustion method. It was designed to clean land. This method has its drawbacks. Not all wastes are incinerated. For example, some household appliances may contain metals. Combustible debris produces ash and slags, which are then later transported to landfills. It should be noted that the garbage is rather wet and contains small components, as a result of which it burns badly. Incomplete combustion leads to the formation of soot and harmful compounds. To prevent this, the incineration temperature of the waste should be 1200 ° C. Very important safety measures in the process of incineration of waste.

For each waste group it is necessary to select the disposal method separately. This is the responsibility of the staff, who are highly qualified. The efficiency of recycling directly depends on the time and financial costs for it. The rules of waste disposal are specified in a number of laws in the field of nature management and waste management.