Matryoshka painting: master class (photo)

Matryoshka is a painted doll made of wood, a world-famous Russian souvenir that originally appeared in Russia at the end of the 19th century. It was then, during the period of cultural and economic development, the artistic direction "Russian style" arose. In a short time, Russian folk art has spread all over the world, and matryoshka painting has become an integral part of it.

History of appearance

The tradition of the national peasant toy named "matryoshka" was initiated by the Russian artist Sergey Malyutin, one of the most convinced followers of the Russian style. A painted matryoshka, carved from a single piece of wood, became a symbol of the Russian land. The artistic image of a simple village woman with a rooster in her hands and dressed in a festive outfit conveyed the depth of the ethnographic traditions of Russia.

The principle of investing one matryoshka doll in another was suggested by the split Japanese toy "Fukurama sage", which was brought from the Land of the Rising Sun by the wife of Savva Mamontov, a well-known Russian industrialist. Since that time the Russian matryoshka has become a classic souvenir of world significance. A set of dolls, consisting of 37 copies of "small small less", entered the Guinness Book of Records.

First Russian Matryoshka

Artist Milyutin met with the famous toy-maker from Sergiev Posad Vasily Zvezdochkin and ordered him eight wooden pieces of different sizes that could be put one into another. Experienced woodworker Zvezdochkin coped with the task - so appeared the first set of eight nesting dolls.

The blanks were polished, and Sergei Milyutin began to paint dolls. From the very beginning, the artist had difficulties of a specific nature: the colors were spreading over the surface, the pattern became shapeless, and we had to start all over again. It seemed that it was impossible to make a painting on wood, but the painter Milyutin, who previously only used oil paints in his work , decided to master the process of coloring wooden pieces with tempera.

Water-emulsion base of tempera inks already allowed to designate the drawing within certain limits, and the viscosity of the coating corresponded to the tasks set. The paints did not spread, and the artist again started painting the matryoshkas. However, a new obstacle arose, in some places the paint layer fell into microscopic crevices of the wood structure. In this place the color of the coating changed radically, a dark spot appeared. Sergei Milyutin was increasingly convinced of the need to apply soil, which would align the surface of the workpiece and fill the fibrous sections of the wood.

In the end, the artist's perseverance was rewarded, and he managed to decorate the matryoshkas first on the artel scale, and then in the framework of a large manufacturing enterprise.

Matryoshka painting

The process of painting traditional wooden dolls is associated with special technologies, which can be divided into several parts. Matryoshka, which consists of three steps: priming, painting and varnishing, requires an artistic approach, so this task is difficult to cope with the usual enthusiast of folk art. Otherwise, the result will resemble a popular print.

Another standard provides for more detailed detailing of the process, when the matryoshka is painted in a truly artistic style, with a sketch of the smallest signs of the doll's facial expressions, on which the expression of her face depends. To transfer the mood of Matryona, a smile or sadness will only be a professional painter. In this way, Matryoshka doll, stage-by-stage painting Which is a responsible creative process, will necessarily become an artwork, and the quality of performance will directly depend on the level of master's preparation. At the present time, due to the high demand for traditional Russian souvenirs, enterprises for their manufacture increase production rates, unfortunately, this affects the quality of products.

Varieties

First of all, the painting of wooden nesting dolls Differs On a territorial basis. There are several types of popular folk souvenirs: Tverskaya, Sergievskaya, Maidanskaya, Vyatka, Semenovskaya. Each variety is distinguished by special features. Matryoshka, whose types of paintings are so diverse, can claim to be recognized as a separate kind of art. About such a high title of folk art speaks and its history - Russian souvenirs are popular all over the world for more than a hundred years. Types of matryoshkas and their differences:

• Semenovskaya matryoshka, whose painting is distinguished by a conditionally primitive style, is available to folk artists without artistic education. Another sign of the Matryoshka doll is the puppet apron with obligatory stylized flowers: a huge rose in the middle or a lush bouquet. Painting matryoshka dolls from Semenov is usually done with only three colors: blue, yellow and red, combinations of which give a unique beauty of a sarafan, a scarf and apron.

• The painting of nesting dolls in the style of "Tver" differs in its plot. The theme of the picture is the image of historical characters. In addition, such nesting dolls are made in the classical style - Russian beauty in a scarf and elegant dress with an apron, on which the image of flowers, landscapes, Russian masterpieces of architecture dominates.

• Masters on the matryoshka painting in the village of Polhovsky Maidan (Nizhny Novgorod region) adhere to their style. Their dolls are distinguished by a narrower, longer head. Instead of a sarafan and apron in such a matryoshka, a wide oval with a pattern on a plant theme.

• The painting of matryoshka dolls in the Vyatka style suggests bright blue eyes and a soft, shy smile. Vyatka Matryoshka is considered the most popular all over the world. Attractiveness of the popular Russian souvenir adds a unique manufacturing technology - the product is encrusted with natural straw.

• Sergievskaya matryoshka bribes with simplicity, naivety ruddy face and multi-colored elegant clothes. The traditional sign of the difference of this Matryona is a handkerchief tied with a knot. In the hands of a matryoshka, there must be some object, a bundle, a basket or a bouquet of flowers.

Own workshop

Making a popular and popular Russian souvenir can be organized at home. To arrange a workplace you need a small table. If you have the necessary materials, painting matryoshkas at home Can be an interesting creative process. To get started, you need a set of paints, brushes, fine sandpaper and wood blanks, which are sold in specialized stores. In addition, it will need a putty and a primer to flatten the matryoshka's surface. The most important rule of preparation of materials is a careful adjustment of the line of joining the upper and lower parts.

When the matryoshka is turned on the lathe, the masters do not adjust and leave the seam of the joint unchanged, thus entrusting the process of fine-tuning the workpieces to the master who is painting the matryoshka dolls. Artists have to arm themselves with a file and process the protruding parts by hand. This must be done, otherwise the halves of the product will not match. Only when the fit is completed, and parts of the matryoshka are easily inserted along the docking line, you can proceed to the painting.

After the workpiece has been ground, it must be covered with two coats of primer. If there is no ready-made mixture at hand, you can prepare the composition yourself by mixing PVA glue with water in a ratio of approximately 2: 1. After the primer is completely dry, we begin painting the matryoshkas with our own hands.

For work it is better to take acrylic paints, they are sold in assortment in all art shops, and also in departments "Goods for needlework". A complete set of buying is not necessary, most paints will remain without use. It is better to purchase several colors that are used in the coloring process. They are yellow, blue, red, green and black. It will also need white and bright orange. These colors are universal and fit into the general style of the famous Russian souvenir.

The painting of nesting dolls with their own hands should begin with the drawing of the contours of the face, kerchief, hair, sarafan, apron and hands. Drawing is done with a thin drawing pencil, unsuccessful lines are easily removed with an eraser. The quality of the image depends on all further work, so you should take this step with all seriousness, it is better to draw a pencil drawing several times than to get a curved image in the color version.

Training

A special kind of fine arts are works on the refinement of wood products, such as decoupage, intarsia, inversion and painting in the style of Khokhloma, as well as the art of painting matryoshka. Master classes on these types of art are available to all comers, they are organized ubiquitously. Special courses and seminars study to the smallest detail such kind of art as matryoshka painting. The master class and subsequent practical classes make it possible to master an interesting and profitable profession of a specialist-designer in the field of folk arts and crafts. The demand for Russian souvenirs is almost inexhaustible. Nesting dolls are sold all over the world, which means that the artist who paints wood products will never be left without work.

Master Class

First you need to prepare a place for work and the material necessary for painting matryoshkas. The list includes:

• A table covered with oilcloth;
• Brushes under numbers №4, №3, №1 and one brush "zero";
• primer;
• Acrylic or tempera paints, a palette, a rag, wadding sticks, wooden skewers or toothpicks for the finest strokes;
• Turpentine for diluting paints to the desired consistency;
• Pencil simple drawing, eraser, ruler;
• An awl with a large handle for nasazhivaniya workpiece;
• Varnish of the brand PF 157 or 283.

Templates and sketches

At the first stage of the work, we draw a pencil drawing on the front part of the workpiece. If in the plan several products of the same type and size, then you can create a template matryoshka for painting, according to which it will be easier to observe the proportions when drawing a picture. It is important to use the stencil correctly. If you have the skills of drawing on wood, then a template of nesting dolls for painting will not be needed, it is easier to apply outlines from memory. This method is also preferable because in the process of drawing you can add something from yourself. The creative approach in this regard is justified.

However, in any case, to have a sample at hand, it is necessary to create a sketch of the matryoshka painting. It should be a drawing on paper, reflecting the general outlines of the product, as well as the style of future work.

Next, you need to transfer the pattern to the workpiece by simply copying. Thus it is necessary to consider that the image should be symmetrical, for this it is necessary to draw a straight line along the vertical from the very top of the future matryoshka to the bottom.

The contour of the face is applied in the form of a circle, the lower part of which falls at the place of the transition of the wide lower part of the workpiece into a narrower one - the head. At the same time, on each side of the circle there should be a place for the scarf, and above - for the hair.

Next, the contours of the kerchief are outlined, which can be knotted around the neck of the Matryona or free to fall off, covering the back and part of the sarafan in front. After that, you can draw your hands, lowered downwards, or bend them in the elbows, if in hand there will be some object: a samovar, a loaf, a bouquet of flowers or a basket with mushrooms and berries.

In the next step, we paint all the contour parts in color, we paint the sundress with red paint, which will serve as a backdrop for the patterns. We also pre-paint the headscarf with a one-color color and wait for the complete drying of the background colors.

In order to fill the free space in front, we draw in the hands of Matryona samovar or something else. The subject must fit organically into the overall picture. Lush sleeves of a white shirt favorably combined with a red sarafan, which is time to decorate with floral ornaments or some special decoration, it all depends on the artist's imagination.

So, the dress is completely painted, go to the kerchief. Russian scarves, including the famous Pavlovsky Posad, are usually very colorful. Flowers or patterns on them are juicy and bright. This tradition also needs to be adhered to when painting.

It is best to use rich golden tones, this can be done with a golden gel pen. It looks good combination of black with intense red. All free space on the sarafan must be filled with flowers and green plants, since any empty space looks like an unfinished job.

Face

The most important stage in the matryoshka painting is her eyes, nose and lips. The face needs to be drawn so that it is expressive and at the same time serene. And most importantly - the doll should smile!

Matryona's eyes are always round. In order to draw them, it is enough to put two points in the right place, located symmetrically relative to each other. Around the points draw circles, then in the circle we inscribe smaller circles that will be pupils. After that, we draw eyelids - curved lines that smoothly round the eyes. Above we draw eyebrows, their shape can be arbitrary. Now for each pupil we put a white stroke, it will be a glare from daylight.

Nose Matryona need not necessarily look like a real human nose. It is enough to designate it symbolically with two points in the right place.

The contour of the lips is the most crucial touch on Matryona's face. But it's not hard to draw, you just need to gently draw a line in the form of an arc with the ends facing up. Immediately there was a smile!

Then draw the lower lip in the shape of an orange lobule, and then the upper one in the form of two miniature semicircles.

Face coloring

Before coloring the facial contours, it is necessary to prepare a pale pink color. This can be done by mixing the red paint with a relatively large amount of water. First you need to try the resulting solution on a sheet of paper, then apply a blush on Matrena's cheeks with a cotton swab.

After applying the blush, eyes, lips and hair, combed for parting, are colored. The face background should not remain pure white. In order to obtain a flesh-colored paint , it is necessary to mix white with ocher. The shade can be selected experimentally.

Next you need to make Matryona revitalizing makeup - this is a careful drawing of the smallest details. At this moment the matryoshka comes to life.

Final stage

After all the work is completed, you need to wait for the complete drying of the nesting dolls and cover the product with varnish in three layers, drying each of them.

And now, our wonderful wooden matryoshka is completely ready! The painting of matryoshkas, photos of which must be left to memory, will henceforth be your best pastime.