Main macroeconomic indicators as a derivative of the efficiency of foreign economic activity of Belarus

Currently, experts are developing the concept of organizing and conducting cross-border payments within the CIS, which takes into account all the main macroeconomic indicators of their development.

In relations with the EU countries, the foreign trade activity of the Republic of Belarus is characterized mainly by:

1. On export activities - a significant increase in supplies to the EU veteran countries; And instability of deliveries to the remaining countries of the European Union. It is worth noting that in any case, with or without the Baltic states and Eastern European countries, exports between Belarus and the main trade partners in the Union have increased. A negative trend is the receipt of export income on the processing of Russian oil products (this also negatively affects the main macroeconomic indicators of Russia).

2. On import activity - a constant increase in the negative balance in trade with the Baltic region.

3. Increase in trade turnover and growth rates due to imports.

4. Based on the results of foreign trade relations, the main macroeconomic indicators are such that the greatest positive balance in Belarus with the UK, the Netherlands, Poland, the largest negative - with Germany. Belarus imports 114 products from Germany, and exports only 38. The same is true of Italy: the country imports 69, and exports 27 types of products. And every year this gap increases.

Based on the results of the analysis of the balance of military technical cooperation with the EU countries, we can state:

First, despite the varying degree of balance of relations with each individual EU country, the overall level of balance with all EU countries is at the average level of the export balance (the overall balance ratio is increasing every year), but this does not mean that Belarus has improved the commodity structure Of its exports, which undoubtedly had a positive effect on the main macroeconomic indicators of GNP, GDP.

Secondly, the level of balance between Belarus' military-technical cooperation with each specific country of the European Union is different: along with a significant balance there is imbalance and instability of relations. In general, the indicators increase with almost all countries from negative to positive, and with the addition of new members, the overall balance factor has increased. After all, from new members only with Estonia, Latvia, Hungary, the indicators are higher than the overall balance factor, and with Poland and Lithuania they are almost equal.

The problem of integrating the country's stock market into regional economic structures remains also topical. Despite the fact that the world stock market is sufficiently integrated, the historically established traditions of exchange activity and its main macroeconomic indicators allow us to distinguish between the "American" and "German" models of the stock exchange.

Among the world leaders in the international asset markets can be identified the most advanced countries such as Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.

As a dynamic structure, this market is constantly changing. Among the main trends of stock markets can be identified the following: the strengthening of integration processes at the national level, the expansion of international cooperation, the universalization and commercialization of trading platforms, the growth of institutionalized trade, the expansion of markets, the widespread use of computer technology.

As for the stock market in Belarus, it should be noted that its dominant segment is the asset market of state-owned enterprises. Activity with other types of securities is still low. Nevertheless, the prospects for the development of the market are significant. First of all, it is necessary to develop a regulatory framework. Some economists agree that the existing system of interbank settlements in Belarus is quite developed and the indicators of the failure of mutual settlements in it are low.

However, despite this, there are some drawbacks. In the Republic of Belarus, all major banks are concentrated in the capital and almost all settlements pass through a single center in Minsk. It is necessary to expand the network of mutual settlements in the regions, which will speed up the passage of payments, develop the banking system and improve the basic macroeconomic indicators in general.

Since the acquisition of sovereignty, virtually all the countries of the former Soviet Union that have trade and financial relations have begun to experience difficulties in maintaining previous economic relations. One of the options for solving integration issues was the adoption by the Integration Committee for the expertise of the project of the possibility of creating a single settlement system. In this regard, the representatives of the Central Banks of these countries considered the issue of identifying the possibilities of using a single payment system in conducting settlements between the states of the Customs Union.