Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov (Malinovsky): biography, scientific activity

The activist of the Bolshevik Party Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov was a famous philosopher and scientist. He became the founder of several scientific theories.

early years

The future physician and naturalist Alexander Bogdanov was born on August 22, 1873 in the village of Sokolka, Grodno province. At birth he had the surname Malinovsky. His father was a visiting Vologda and a folk teacher.

Malinovsky studied in the Tula classical gymnasium, which he graduated with a gold medal in 1892. A talented young man chose a scientific path. He enrolled in the Physics and Mathematics Department of Moscow University. This higher educational institution, like all other Russian universities, was a nest of radical youth. Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov joined the Narodnaya Volya from the Union of Northern Communities. This movement was banned by the authorities and was under the control of the secret police.

In 1894, these Narodnaya Volunteers were dispersed. Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov was expelled from his university. He was arrested and sentenced to exile in Tula. There Malinovsky got into working circles. Despite the fact that the young man forcibly left the university, he was still very interested in science. In 1897 he wrote "A Short Course in Economic Science". This book was highly valued by Vladimir Lenin. The leader of the world proletariat was very well read, and it was difficult to surprise him with some kind of publication. Therefore, it is significant that Lenin called the first book by Malinovsky "a remarkable phenomenon" in Russian economic literature.

New arrest and emigration

After the end of the Tula exile Bogdanov entered Kharkov University, where he studied from 1895 to 1899. This time he chose the medical faculty. At the same time, the young researcher was fond of not only natural, but also humanitarian sciences. His views were most fully reflected in the works published at that time.

In 1899, after Malinovsky received a doctor's diploma, he was again arrested for his political activities. The court sentenced the activist to deportation first to Kaluga, and then to Vologda. At home, his father worked in a psychiatric hospital. In 1904, the term of the link expired. The revolutionary went to Switzerland.

At the front

In 1913 Bogdanov Alexander Alexandrovich returned to Russia. The biography of this man is a typical cast of the era. A year after Malinovsky's return, the First World War began. He was sent as a highly qualified specialist to the front as a doctor.

Bloody battles with the Germans made an indelible impression on Bogdanov. A physician and connoisseur of physiology, he, like no one, could appreciate how deadly and terrible the weapons of the new century became. The war made the revolutionary a staunch and ideological pacifist. Already in a young Soviet state, the Bolshevik tried to do everything to promote cultural growth and the formation of the proletariat. Bogdanov (Malinovsky) Alexander Aleksandrovich believed that only progress will help mankind to get rid of wars.

Worldview

Bogdanov's philosophical views developed throughout his life. In his youth he was most influenced by Marxism and positivism. The combination of these two schools resulted in a new theory, sponsored by Bogdanov Alexander. The biography of this scientist is known primarily due to the fact that he became the founder of tectology.

It also has another name - universal organizational science. This discipline was described in detail by the author in his three-volume work Tectology. Bogdanov studied the effectiveness of the interaction of two or more elements in a single system. These researches have been conceived by the researcher as search of the answer to a question on how to raise productivity of economy.

Among the Bolsheviks, the theory of tectology did not take root. Lenin's supporters often criticized the ideas that Aleksandr Bogdanov expressed in his writings. Contribution to management - that is the main result of his scientific work in this field to date. Already much later, after Malinovsky's death, his theoretical constructions became popular among cybernetics.

Tectology

Bogdanov's tectology was derived not only from Marxism. Another important source for this theory was monism. The author in his main work argued about the need to create an ideology for increasing labor productivity.

Also, Bogdanov was a proponent of plannedness in the economy even before this system became the founding principle in the Soviet Union. The scientist hoped that in the future all human activity will reach a fundamentally new level thanks to the fusion of science, production and ideology.

Proletkult

The scientist and philosopher Bogdanov Alexander Aleksandrovich was a member of the RSDLP from 1905 onwards. He belonged to the first generation of Bolsheviks. When Lenin's party came to power in Russia after the October Revolution, Bogdanov, who finally gave up his original surname, began to occupy important state scientific posts.

Until 1921, the scientist was a professor at Moscow University (he taught political economy). Then he was in the Communist Academy and was a member of its presidium.

In the early years of the Soviet state, Bogdanov did much to shape his ideology. In 1917, Proletkult was created. This organization was part of the People's Commissariat of Education. She organized cultural, educational and propaganda events for workers. Bogdanov Alexander Aleksandrovich became one of the main characters in the Proletariat. The management, which he studied in the framework of the theory of tectology, was finally useful to him in practice.

Soviet ideologist

Bogdanov advocated a complete change in attitude toward culture. He believed that the old works of art expressed the worldview and interests of only one class (for example, landlords, slaveholders, the bourgeoisie or the peasantry). But the proletarians of their culture as such did not exist. Therefore, it was necessary to create it from scratch. This is what Alexander Bogdanov started to do. Biography (a short description is presented in the article) is an example of the path of an important state ideologist.

According to the scientist and philosopher, proletarian art should be dynamic and lead the people forward - into a bright future, that is, to communism. Living images, expressed on paper, in books and films, were intended to capture and systematize the vast life experience of the workers of the Soviet Union. As a man of science, Bogdanov could say with certainty that art is much more democratic than exact knowledge. This means that with its help it is possible to build the necessary system of thoughts and direct the people's will in a channel useful to the state. The leader of Proletcult declared that the cultural independence of the workers was necessary for the victory of the world revolution.

Bogdanov criticized the attitude of the bourgeoisie towards art. For Westerners, it was primarily a way to enjoy. The art of the proletariat was different. It inspired the struggle against class enemies, rallying people around the idea. The scientist continued his thought: with this attitude toward art, any creativity with the Soviet Union became a socially important work. Culture for Bogdanov was a method of organizing the collective. This principle is a direct child of the theory of tectology. For example, a military song helps soldiers act in combat in a coordinated and effective manner. The work anthem is rallied by the artel and brigade.

Experiments with blood transfusion

As a biologist, the scientist was fond of theories about the possible rejuvenation of the human body. In this regard, in 1926 he founded the State Scientific Institute of Blood Transfusion. A lot of research on this topic was conducted by Alexander Bogdanov. A systematic analysis of his work on biology shows that he really believed in human rejuvenation through the transfusion of fresh and young blood into the body.

These bold ideas of Bogdanov for some time were actively supported by state propaganda. Stalin, who at that time moved swiftly toward individual power, helped the scientist with the founding of the Institute of Blood in Moscow. Bogdanov became the director of this unique institution for his time.

Death

In some experiments with blood transfusions, Alexander Bogdanov (1873-1928) himself participated. During one of these procedures, he died tragically. The blood that the scientist poured from the body of the student caused a rejection reaction and death. This case clearly demonstrated the danger of such radical experiments. Gradually similar programs of the Institute of Blood were curtailed.

Bukharin made a speech at the funeral of the famous Bolshevik. He called the deceased comrade a fanatic. In part this is true. Few were so stubborn and absorbed in their work scientists, as Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov. Photos from his funeral were in all the newspapers of the country.