Levokumsky grapes. Technical grape varieties

This sort of grapes does not have special taste qualities. It is valued for resistance to frost, various diseases. And the wine from Levokumsky grapes is excellent. And not only in the village of Levokumsk (Stavropol Territory).

Origin

Not every village can boast of a nominal variety of grapes. The Levocum district here is, rather, an exception.

The variety to which the article will be devoted is a hybrid seedling of folk selection. It is derived from free pollination of the North American variety Vitis Labruska and is mainly zoned in the north of the Caucasus.

But its plantations are available both in Krasnodar and Stavropol Territory. The name comes from the same village of Levokumsk (Stavropol Territory), famous for its two-century history of winemaking, where the described variety was born.

Purpose

Variety of grapes Levokumsky technical. That is, it is intended only for the production of red, dessert, dry and sparkling wines, as well as juices. In its fresh form, it can also be consumed, although it is not worth it - these berries have a simple taste, besides they are rather small. What is different about Levokumsky grapes from other varieties?

Description

Grape varieties Levokumsky - the average maturity. His berries become ripe 140 days after the leaves are blossoming. The shrub is tall, and the shoots are more than 80% prickly.

The leaves are of medium size, smooth, slightly stretched in width, dissected, light green in color. Flowers are bisexual.

The berries are almost black, medium in size, up to 1.5 g, rounded. The taste is harmonious. Juicy pulp has no aftertaste.

Like all technical varieties of grapes, Levokumsky is not distinguished by large berries. But this is not the main thing for making wine. It is necessary that it had as much juice as possible. It is colorless or pink in color, and the seeds are small.

Bunches - medium size, 90-140 g, fairly dense, cylindrical or conical.

Productivity

The average yield of grapes of the Levokumsky variety is 140 c / ha. But in successful years it can also increase considerably, reaching 250 centner / ha. From one bush, as a rule, 4-6 kg of berries are collected.

As the breeders say, the described variety is ideal for growing even in cold regions of Russia.

Resistance to diseases and low temperature

Variety of grapes Levokumsky is resistant to a drop in temperature. It can withstand frosts up to 40 degrees. In the case of freezing of fruit buds, bunches of the same mass are formed from the kidneys of substitution.

The plant is resistant to mildew and phylloxera. But in years with a wet and hot summer it can be affected by gray rot. Usually Levokumsky grapes do not require special treatments with chemicals against diseases.

Cultivation

Like any other, the variety that the Levokum district is famous for is very demanding of the world. Therefore, it should be planted in a well-lit place. Otherwise, the berries will be sour, and the bush is weak, may freeze in winter.

The place of its growth should be protected from the wind, especially the northern one. Therefore, it is best to plant it on the south side of the building. By the way, in the northern regions of the country it is necessary to retreat from the wall a few meters further than in the southern regions.

To the quality of soil Levokumsky grapes are undemanding. It grows poorly only on marshy and wetlands, as well as in solonchaks. It is desirable to plant it on sandy loam or loam. Their acidity should be neutral. If it is increased on the site, ground limestone, wood ash (up to 2 kg / m²), grated chalk can be introduced into the ground. These substances can be added immediately before planting, but it is better during the preparation of the pit.

A good result for changing the acidity of the soil is the application of hydrated lime (5-10 kg / m² on loam and 1.5 kg on sandy loam). But it is very active, so it should be done in advance, no less than 4 days before planting shoots. Otherwise, you can burn its roots. Liming on loam reduces the acidity of the soil for 7 years, and on sandy loam for 2 years.

Stagnation of water Levokumsky grapes can not stand. From its effects, the roots can rot. Therefore, in places of possible underflooding or the release of groundwater, a drainage system must be arranged before planting.

Levokumsky grapes do not need to be vaccinated for other varieties. It is grown with its own roots. For industrial planting in the zonation zone, it is recommended to place it on a high bole. The bush is formed as a horizontal double-corded cordon. To shelter the plant for the winter is not necessary.

Landing

Planting bushes, you need to consider that the area of power of each of them - 3x2 m, so the distance between them should not be less than 2 meters. This can be done both on the hill and in the pit.

The root system of a bush planted on a hill will be better heated by the sun's rays. Therefore, it will quickly develop. In order to plant a bush in this way, prepare a hole up to half a meter in depth. Drainage is laid, the ground is placed on top, mixed with peat, humus and sand. After every 20 cm of height, the soil needs to be compacted. A mound, about 30 cm high, is placed on top of it. Grapes are planted in it. When planting, tilt slightly to the north. But this method is suitable for southern regions. And in the northern or during the snowless winter, a bush planted in this way can not survive frosts.

In order to plant a bush in a hole, prepare it with a depth of at least 60 cm. At the bottom lay the soil mixed with humus, wood ash. They should be enough to last for several years. After all, no one will dig a new pit and transplant the bush. If you make it shallow, then the roots have nowhere to grow. The planted bush is buried 8 cm.

Usually technical grape varieties are self-pollinated. But in the area near Levokumsky it is better to plant other varieties. They will improve the quality and quantity of fruits by pollinating the plant.

Care

Crop Levokumsky grapes in the fall, leaving 2, and sometimes 1 eye. In the spring, sanitary pruning is carried out, removing the damaged and dried shoots.

In summer, in the period of active vegetation, pair green shoots are broken, stepchildren and unfruitful branches are removed. Carry out the rolling, trimming the roots at a depth of 5 cm from the surface. This provokes the growth of deeper roots, and the bush becomes more resistant to frost.

Top dressing

It should be borne in mind that Levokumsky grapes respond to fertilizing and watering by increasing the mass of fruits and improving their taste. You can make in spring a humus for an adult bush. If a young shoot is planted correctly, then it is not necessary to feed it for several years.

Carry out non-root fertilizing with mineral fertilizers, such as "Plantafol".

Watering

Pour the described grapes once a week. Under one bush they bring in a couple buckets of water. But constantly watering is not necessary and even harmful. So, it's not worth doing in the flowering period, so that the flowers do not fall. And while ripening berries like this can cause them to crack. Water on the vine and leaves do not pour. In addition, it should not be cold.

At the end of summer, watering is stopped until the harvest is collected. If the autumn is dry, then it should be renewed in October. In wet earth, the bush is better preserved in winter frosts.