Kuryanovskoe treatment facilities - a complex for the purification of city sewage in Moscow

All that is drained by the residents of the capital in the sinks and toilets, eventually turns into millions of cubic meters of sewage. They have been dropped for many years in the Moscow River. For their cleaning, two large aeration stations have been built in the city: in Lyubertsy and in the Pechatnik district. At the same time, Kuryanovskoe sewage treatment plants operating in SEAD (the southeastern autonomous okrug) are the oldest and largest.

General description of the object

In the area served by the station, just a huge number of people live - more than 6 million people. In addition, several manufacturing facilities are located nearby. Therefore, every day the station takes a truly enormous amount of sewage - about 1.8 million m ^3. Of these, 20% falls on the residential sector, and 80% - on the production sector. Located Kuryanovskaya station in SEAD (Moscow), in the industrial zone Pechatniki, in the left-bank floodplain of the Moscow River. By now, this important facility is one of the largest in Europe.

In total, this complex includes three blocks (NKOS), each of which can be used to process 1 million m ^{3 of} drains per day. Thus, in total, the Kuryanovskoe sewage treatment plant is designed for a load of 3 million m ³ per 24 hours.

A bit of history

The first objects at this station were erected in 1939. However, because of the WWII, the works were permanently suspended. The commissioning of the Kuryanovskoye wastewater treatment plant was completed only in 1950. At that time the station, like any other complex of similar purpose, was very far from the city - among the steppes and forests, next to several small plants. However, gradually the area of Moscow increased, and eventually the station was within its borders. Moreover, it was already surrounded not only by industrial enterprises, still functioning in this area, but also by residential quarters.

Of course, increasing the load made the initial design capacity of this facility inadequate. Therefore, in the 70s of the last century Mosvodokanal purification works in the area of Pechatnikov decided to expand. In the immediate vicinity of the old complex was built Novokuryanovskaya station, consisting of two, more modern blocks. Simultaneously with their erection, a new outflow channel was stretched.

Of course, with time, the structures and the new station became obsolete. Therefore, in 2011, they began a large-scale modernization. By now, these works have already been completed.

Pechatniki District (Moscow)

The total area of this part of the capital is 17.89 km ² . Pechatniki consists of 30 streets. To date, about 75 thousand people live in close proximity to the Kuryanovskiy sewage treatment plant.

For living the area Pechatniki at the moment is considered suitable very well. The infrastructure here is very well developed, for example, there are two metro stations and four - the Kursk direction of the Moscow Railway. Until recently, no one particularly wanted to buy apartments in the Pechatniki area. The whole thing was in the disgusting smell that spread from the sewage treatment plant. However, more recently this problem has been completely solved. About how, we'll talk just below.

Station design

Kuryanovskiy complex, thus - this is the largest sewage treatment plant in Moscow. The process of treating effluents at this facility begins with one of three receiving chambers directly connected to the sewer collectors. Hence the flow of sewage through underground pipelines is distributed by the NQF station (through the lattice building). Today, sewage is mainly supplied to one of the two units of the new station. Each sewage pipeline that feeds the sewage to the NNSC may be blocked by its own slide gate valve. Before entering the purification unit, the effluents are fed to the building of gratings for primary machining. Then they are pumped to the sand trap. Further, the effluents are fed sequentially:

• In primary sedimentation tanks;

• Aerotanks;

• Into secondary sedimentation tanks;

• In the outlet chamber.

The air in the aeration tanks is fed from a huge engine room equipped with high-power turbochargers. The mud from the sediment tanks enters a special methane tank, where its fermentation takes place. The gas released as a result of this process is used on a small TPP built nearby. Such an interesting technical solution made it possible to provide Kuryanovskoe treatment facilities with its own electricity by 60%. At the final stage, already completely purified water flows through a branch channel to the Moscow River. Throughout the station's territory, the drains pass by gravity. To do this, each subsequent complex of cleaning equipment is located just below the previous one.

How does mechanical cleaning work?

Actually, the technology of processing waste water by the engineers of Vodokanal LLC (Moscow) was thought through to the smallest detail. In the lattice building, waste water is treated first. Here, large mechanical impurities are removed from them. For this, they are passed through special gratings. The latter represent something like a large container, fixed directly in the flow of water. Selected large rubbish - crumpled plastic, stoppers from bottles, pieces of polyethylene, foliage, grass, etc. - on the conveyor belt is sent for recycling. Strange as it may seem, the most problems for workers of this workshop are delivered by ordinary cotton buds for the ears. Their dimensions in the transverse direction are very small, and therefore they easily pass through the lattice of containers.

The building of the primary mechanical cleaning is divided into two parts. Each of them serves its own block of the new station. After the building of the grids, the sewage enters the special sand trap for cleaning from small mechanical debris. The insoluble mineral suspension separated from the effluent is subsequently laundered and delivered to factories engaged in the manufacture of building mixtures, paving slabs, etc.

Biological cleaning

Of course, for the qualitative purification of water to remove from it the usual debris and various kinds of mechanical impurities are not enough. Kuryanovskiye aeration stations are a modern complex, the drains on which are also subjected to biological purification. After sanding, they enter primary sedimentation tanks. Here, the suspended particles suspended in water settle to the bottom under the action of gravity. Each block of the NNSC has 8 such pools.

After settling tanks, water is fed into the aeration tanks. This is the name of special containers containing biologically active sludge. The bacteria living in it begin to actively process the remaining dirt in the water. In fact, the same process occurs in natural water bodies. However, the cleaning procedure is much faster at the station. The technology of biological treatment at the WWTP provides for the supply of a strong airflow into the aeration tanks. It is a natural stimulator of bacterial activity. The sewage treatment plant at the station includes, as already mentioned, a computer room built for this purpose. It is from here to the aerotanks that the airflow necessary for bacteria flows.

The main difficulty of this stage of cleaning is the need to ensure trouble-free piping operation. The fact is that, without air, bacteria that live in the aeration tank can die within just a few hours. Their population is restored for a very long time - for several months.

After the aerotanks, almost pure water already enters the secondary settling tanks. At this stage, the residue of the most active sludge is removed from it. At the bottom of each secondary sump there is a special mechanism - sludge digger. This tool collects the sediment in a large tray. Further, the silt is exported to special ranges located 60 km from the capital.

The use of methane

Silt in the aeration tank constantly multiplies. The resulting excess is partially preserved. In the future, they can be used for a second time. The main part of the "excess" silt is sent to fermentation in special semi-subterranean reservoirs - methane tanks. Here, the sludge is heated to 54 ^° C, as a result of which a reaction begins to occur with the evolution of the gas. The resulting methane is fed to TPPs to generate electricity.

TPP

The TPP of the Kuryanovskaya sewage treatment plant (Pechatniki district, Moscow) is a truly unique structure. There are no analogues of such a structure anywhere in the world. To build this object decided in 2005, after a major accident, which resulted in de-energized half of Moscow, including the CBS engine room. On that day, the bacteria in the aerotanks did not receive the air they needed for about three hours. The construction of the TPP completely excluded the possibility of a repetition of such an unpleasant situation.

How is the sewage analysis performed?

Of course, the quality of water discharged to the Moscow River at the station is periodically checked. Mechanical studies are carried out in stages, according to the following parameters:

• Chromaticity;

• Temperature;

• Smell;

• Degree of transparency.

The first parameter is measured in degrees of the platinum-cobalt scale. Temperature, odor and transparency - on the font. Chemical analysis of wastewater is performed on the pH reaction and the proportion of various impurities. According to the last sign, sewage can be divided into four categories:

• Municipal sewage (dry residue - less than 500 mg / l);

• Second category (industrial effluent up to 5000 mg / l);

• The third category (more than 5000 mg / l);

• The fourth category (more than 30 thousand mg / l).

The chemical and microbiological composition of the sewage discharged by the Kuryanovskaya station in the SEAD region (Moscow) fully complies with SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00.

Where does the waste go

From the secondary settler already completely purified water enters the outlet chamber. Further, it is fed into the outflow channel connected to the Moscow River, the total length of which is 700 m. Until recently, the sewage treatment was completed. But a few years ago a new disinfection building was built on the canal. Here the treated effluents are further disinfected with ultraviolet radiation. After such treatment in the water, various pathogenic microorganisms die. That is, the Kuryanovskoye sewage treatment plants are now discharged into the Moscow River with not only a well-cleaned, but completely disinfected. This contributes to a significant improvement in the environmental situation in the capital.

Fish in the canal

The quality of the sewage at the Kuryanovskaya station, which is controlled by Vodokanal LLC (Moscow), is indeed at the highest level. This is evidenced by the fact that a large number of fish live in the diversion channel of the complex. Once upon a time, many locals engaged in its fishing. However, not so long ago the entrance to the station for strangers was closed. The order is now monitored by guards, not letting on the territory of not only lovers of fishing, but also local boys.

Smell

To date, no problems associated with the treatment facilities, Muscovites who chose the Pechatniki area for living, do not experience. But more recently, from the territory of this facility, an extremely unpleasant, pungent smell spread throughout the district. In 2012, after repeated appeals of residents to the district administration and Moscow, a decision was taken to reconstruct the station. As a result, the intake chambers located at the entrance, almost all over the surface, were covered with organic glass.

To prevent the spread of odor from the primary sedimentation tanks also decided to use the lid. But in this case metal sheets were used. To date, these containers are closed immediately with two covers - a floating pontoon and a top console. Kuryanovske aeration stations are the only complex in the world where such efficient and inexpensive constructions are used. Some already partially destroyed sedimentation basins were eliminated during the modernization.