Kinds of lamps and types of lamp caps

In order not to be mistaken with the choice of a lamp, you should familiarize yourself with the main types of socles. This is a lamp element that is screwed or inserted into the chuck, thus ensuring the connection of a single lamp with a common electronic circuit. Most often on sale there are metal socles, slightly less often - products from ceramics. Inside them are the constituent lamps in the form of filaments and electrodes. Contacts are located outside the bulb. The types of socles of incandescent lamps change with time.

What you need to know when choosing a lamp

It is known from practice that the types of lamp caps need to be specified in advance, since it will be possible to install only a lamp with a suitable socket for a certain type of cartridge. The most important points that must be understood before choosing a lamp:

• Type of cap;
• Voltage network in the room where the lamp will be located;
• Permissible lamp power for a particular luminaire;
• Dimensions of the lamp in relation to the size of the selected lamp;
• Circuit connection lamp.

The industry produces several types of socles, as well as a number of their subspecies. The main types of lamp caps are screwed and pins. The most common threaded fasteners, they are familiar in use, they are also called screw. Pins are found in so-called halogen lamps, fixed in the plane of suspended and stretched ceilings.

The designations of socles contain a certain alphabetic character set:

• E - Edison threaded base;
• G - cap of pin type;
• K - cable;
• B - bayonet, that is pin;
• P - focusing;
• S - for soffit mounting;
• R - fastening with recessed contacts;
• T - telephone socket;
• W - lamp without a base.
  

The marking also contains a figure indicating the size of the socle part and the gap between the contacts, for example - E14 or G13. Small letters indicate the number of contacts (connecting plates):

• S is one contact;
• D - two contacts;
• T - three contacts;
• Q - four contacts;
• P - five contacts.

Types of socles of incandescent lamps are standardized, their descriptions are traditionally contained in GOSTs.

Socle Edison

So, what is Edison's threaded base? This is the oldest kind of lamp mount, invented by the scientist himself. Such a socle is the most simple to use, most often it is used in household electrical appliances. Denote this type by the letter Exx, where xx is the diameter in millimeters. The dimensions of this type of socle are varied:

• GES - large;
• ES - medium;
• MES - miniature;
• SES - mignon (small socle);
• LES - micro-beetle.

Type of lamp socket E27 and E14

In everyday life this common type of socle is called a "minion", most often it is used in miniature and standard incandescent lamps. The scope of such luminaires is extremely wide. Lamps, as is known, are pear-shaped, in the form of candles, drop-shaped, spherical, mirror.

The lamp cap type E27 is the most famous, widespread and popular type of product, the authorship belongs to Edison himself. However, such a base has not only the usual incandescent lamps. Modern industry produces with it also other types of lamps, including:

• Fluorescent energy saving lamps of compact type;
• Halogen incandescent lamps;
• Discharge.

Types of socles of fluorescent lamps are also threaded and pins. Important! Fluorescent lamps with E27 and E14 socles do not work in electrical circuits containing dimmers and electronic switches. Other types of lamp bases are discussed further.

Pin (type G)

This type of cap means a pin system at the point of contact of the lamp with the cartridge. In such lamps, if there are two contacts, the digital code denotes the distance between them. If the number of contacts is greater, the digital sign refers to the diameter of the circle in which they are directly located. Capital Latin letters indicate here that the lamps belong to these or other modifications. However, the products are not interchangeable, in addition, sometimes there are combinations of several similar plinths - then at the very beginning of the digital code-designation is a number, for example, "2".

G4 base

This type of fastening is designed specifically for miniature halogen lamps used to create maximum decorative effect in the premises due to the bright spot light emanating from different places of the ceiling. Halogen lamps are most often low-voltage and suitable for 12 or 24 volts. Such lamps are very convenient, they have a flat shape on the outside and look quite successfully on the ceilings with built-in lamps, as well as in flexible lighting systems. These practical products can last more than 2000 hours. To date, lamps with G4 socles are widely used in crystal lamps with rhinestones.

Plinths G5, G13, GU1, R

This type is used in fluorescent tubes in the form of a tube, with a bulb diameter of 16 millimeters. The tone of high-quality light emitted by such lamps can be either warm white or cold daylight. Light output from these lamps is high, and power consumption, on the contrary, is rather modest.

The base G13 is a very common option for household recessed lighting, like the GU1 type. For lamps with such fastening, thickenings are characteristic at the end of the contacts, which makes it possible to make rotary connections with cartridges.

The socket with the recessed contact "R" is the best option for small and quartz halogen lamps, as well as high-intensity lighting devices, which are based on functioning in an alternating current system. In the designation of this socle, the figures show the length of the lamp as a whole.

Pin socket B (bayonet)

This kind appeared as a result of the improvement of the classical Edison design with the aim of maximizing the time required to change the burned-out light bulb. In addition, progress has constantly "reduced" the size of the bulbs themselves.

Cap R7s

This type is equipped with a pair of round lateral pins for fastening in the slot of the corresponding cartridge. Fixing the lamp in this case requires a quarter turn. The outer diameter is indicated in millimeters, for example - B9s.

Such socles are often used in automobile lamps and on watercraft to create dipped or driving light - asymmetrical side attachments-hold the lamp in the cartridge at the right angle, which allows you to focus the light flux , depending on the appropriate need.

In products of imported production - English, Canadian bulbs - the numbers often do not indicate, they are encrypted in the form of letter abbreviations. For example, the bayonet base is BC (Bayonet Cap) = B22d = our variant 2Ш22.

Soffit socle S and focusing F

Outwardly, the product looks like a familiar glass fuse - contacts are located on both sides of the cap. The figure applied outside will show the value of the outer diameter of the body in millimeters. Lamps with such plinths are most often used in car salons and for highlighting license plates on cars.

The focusing base "R" is intended for the complete set of navigation lights, cinematographic projectors and projectors of various sizes, as well as household lamps. The effect of this mechanism is based on the possibility of the beam being oriented in different directions and the direction of the light flux through a special composite lens. The code applied to the cap usually indicates the diameter of the focusing flange or the part that helps maintain the lamp in a horizontal position. The P20d cap is specially designed for the installation of headlights in cars. The telephone socket "T" is used in small illumination lamps, in consoles and mnemonic circuits.

Plinths for LED lamps

Types of LED lamp caps : LED GU10, JDR E14, LED GU5.3, JDR E27, PAR30, PAR38, MR11, T5, T8 and others. LEDs do not heat up much, so they are used where other types simply do not work because of the temperature conditions of the surfaces.

In general, modern industry produces and non-standard types of lamp caps, for example, for projection or xenon lamps. If we talk about switching lamps, then in Western countries for a long time using less overall products with socles T4.5, rather than T6.8. The newest type W generally contacts the cartridge by means of current inputs located directly on the glass base of the lamp.

The types of lamp bases are constantly improving. Today, there is a tendency to replace incandescent bulbs with semiconductor products of similar sizes. The advantage of such semiconductor lamps, which are even more simply referred to as LEDs, consists in a more economical consumption of electrical energy, while in terms of the brightness of the luminescence these lamps in many respects surpass their analogues. It should also be noted that the types of socks of LED lamps have some differences from all other types.