Karaganda. Where is Karaganda, history and general description

Karaganda is the administrative center of the Karaganda region. Now it is a city of Kazakhstan, but at one time it was very important for the Soviet Union. Here scientists were flocking, the city was built by professional architects. Now the city is on the third place in terms of importance in the republic.

Where is Karaganda

Geographical coordinates of Karaganda: 49.8 degrees north latitude and 73.1 degrees east longitude. The territory where Karaganda is located on the map is represented by a hilly plain, this area is designated as a Kazakh melkosopochnik. The city is located in the central part of Kazakhstan.

general information

The economy of Karaganda, like city formation, is associated with the extraction of minerals. Because the Karaganda coal basin and the area, where Karaganda is located, abounds in "black gold". Extraction of a fuel-significant resource here is the main industry, at one time in the city was the inscription "Coal is bread". In addition, there is a transport junction, railway and automobile routes are crossed. There is also an international airport. Therefore, Karaganda is in third place in importance in Kazakhstan.

The area of Karaganda is approximately 550 square kilometers. The city has two districts: Oktyabrsky and Kazybek bi.

Governing bodies: city maslikhat and akimat.

The beginning of the history of Karaganda

Back in the 19th century, there were no settlements at the place where Karaganda is located, in general for nomadic people settled life is not peculiar. The history of this settlement begins with the fact that allegedly in 1833 a young shepherd finds a piece of coal here. 1856 was marked by the fact that in these places the extraction of this mineral begins. In 1882 the territory became part of Russia. First Russian merchants were engaged in mining, who found here deposits of copper and lead-silver ore, then the French and English appeared. The mines of the nearest settlements worked in the mines. In addition, the Spassky copper smelter worked here.

During the civil war, work in the mines was suspended, the mines were idle from 1917 to 1930. In 1930, coal mining again becomes intense, and temporary housing for workers arriving here for work is gradually being built. The district became very significant, as the Soviet Union needed fuel. The Karaganda coal basin was on the third place after Kuzbass and Donbass. In Soviet times this place was even called "The Third Kochegarka". The fuel produced here was supplied to the Urals. Therefore, there was a railway. In 1931, small settlements, where Karaganda is located, gradually become a small mining town. Several villages were united in one big Karaganda settlement.

Building a city and further destiny

The design of the new city was done by good architects and designers. From 1934 to 1938 Muscovites worked out the general plan of the city in the place where Karaganda is located. In Russia (RSFR), several similar cities have already been built. Supervised all these works AI Kuznetsov, a prominent architect and city planner. It was planned that Karaganda would house 300,000 people. The status of the city of Karaganda was received in 1936, on February 10, at that time it was already the administrative center of the region, in which lived 166 thousand people. For comparison, in 1934 there were only 15 thousand. During all subsequent time the population grew, and construction work was periodically conducted. During the Great Patriotic War the importance of the city grew even more, as the Soviet state lost the Donbass during the war.

1983 - the circus was built, which became the most modern (at that time) and beautiful construction of the city and the region.

During the collapse of the USSR in Karaganda, a crisis occurred, as in other cities of Kazakhstan. A lot of Russian and German specialists left. The industry fell into decay. But with the beginning of the new millennium the construction resumed. The streets are being restored, the buildings are being reconstructed. There are shopping centers and parks. Ethnopark was built, in which the landscape of the entire Karaganda region was reproduced. A monument dedicated to the famous phrase "Where? Where? In Karaganda" is built.

The origin of the name is most likely associated with the shrub growing in these places - a cara- ghan, in other words, a yellow acacia. The inhabitants of this city have another version. Karaganda - "kara kan dy", is translated as black blood. Probably, the coal found here, was associated with the local residents with gore.

Karaganda camps

Two camps ALGERIA and Karlag left their mark on the history of the whole city. In the Soviet era, they included some figures of art and science. Therefore, including through these camps, cultural life develops in Karaganda.

Slaves held concerts and other events. The artists participated in various design works. In Karlage even put the ballet. The people who were deported chose to stay in the city and made an invaluable contribution to the culture of Karaganda. In addition, the construction of the city involved prisoners of war from Germany and Japan.

Nature

G. Karaganda is surrounded by hilly plains of the Kazakh melkosopochnik.

The sharp-continental climate is characterized by a severe and long winter with snowstorms and snowstorms. Summer is very dry and hot, so all the vegetation in the district burns out.

Population

Karaganda is a multinational city, 113 people live here. Basically, the city has two religions: Islam and Orthodoxy.

Karaganda is among the leading cities in the region in terms of population . And it takes the fourth place in the whole of Kazakhstan. The population in Karaganda is 457.1 thousand people.