Category: Cities in Kazakhstan. Large cities of Kazakhstan. Cities of Kazakhstan - list

Kazakhstan is a huge country, the main pride of which are the steppes and nomads. But this is not all. In such an attractive republic for travelers, there is a wonderful nature with a diverse landscape and amazing cities that carry western luxury combined with eastern tranquility.

Their architecture is fraught with not only modernity, but also antiquity. At the same time, it is a real exotic of Asian culture, carefully preserving the traditions of the past.

History

The very first data on cities in Kazakhstan date back to the sixth century. Initially, the country's large settlements were located in the cozy valley of the Syr Darya and in the Semirechye. Archaeological excavations in the south of Kazakhstan revealed the remains of ancient cities built in the sixth and ninth centuries.

The main territory of the steppe region was inhabited by nomads. With the townspeople, their relations were rather complicated. For nomads large settlements were the centers of trade, but at the same time they often attacked them.

In the country there are some settlements that can boast of their antiquity. These include such cities of Kazakhstan as Taraz, Turkestan and Shymkent.

In the seventeenth century, the first Russian settlements appeared in the country. This Guryev and Yaitsky town. Gradually from the north to the south came the Russian colonization. At the same time, many cities were founded, most of which can be found on the modern map of the country.

In the twentieth century, large-scale development of deposits for mining operations was carried out in Kazakhstan. In connection with these works a large number of modern cities arose.

Administrative Territories

There are fourteen regions in Kazakhstan. There are eighty-six cities in them. These include megacities of national importance. There are two of them - Almaty and Astana. The largest cities of Kazakhstan are Shymkent, Almaty, Karaganda and, of course, Astana. In the country there are one hundred and sixty-eight districts and one hundred and seventy-four settlements.

The cities of Kazakhstan, listed below, are the centers of the regions of the country:

1. Ust-Kamenogorsk (East Kazakhstan region).
2. Taraz (Zhambyl region).
3. Karaganda (Karaganda region).
4. Aktobe (Aktobe region).
5. Taldykorgan (Almaty region).
6. Kyzylorda (Kyzylorda region).
7. Kostanay (Kostanay region).
8. Pavlodar (Pavlodar region).
9. Shymkent (South-Kazakh region).
10. Uralsk (West-Kazakh region).
11. Petropavlovsk (North-Kazakh region).
12. Kokshetau (Akmola region)
13. Aktau (Mangistau region).
14. Atyrau (Atyrau region).

The city having republican significance is also Baikonur. Here is the world-famous eponymous spaceport, which consists in the lease of Russia to two thousand and fiftieth year.

Capital

In just one decade, Astana has become a beautiful and modern city. The young capital of Kazakhstan in its architecture is not inferior to many famous world capitals. Each of the buildings built here is executed in the Eurasian style. At the same time, they all are real works of art. Astana is a majestic symbol of Kazakhstan's economic and political independence. At the same time, in the country it is rightfully considered the center of cultural and social life.

The capital of Kazakhstan is in its northern part. It was built near the Nur River, on the bank of the Ishim River. This place has long attracted residents of the steppe territories, as it was at the intersections of caravan routes. Within the boundaries of the modern city, archaeologists have discovered evidence of residence dating back to the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, and the Middle Ages.

The city itself was founded in 1830. And it was then a Cossack outpost. The founder of Astana was Colonel F. Shubin. After some time, the fortress began to expand into the city. And already by the 19th century, Akmola was an important geopolitical center of the whole district. Since 1961 the city has been renamed to Tselinograd. Since 1992 he became Akmola. Since 1998 - Astana. Officially, the capital of Kazakhstan became the city on December 10, 1997. To date , Astana covers an area of more than seven hundred square kilometers. This is a major city in the country.

After gaining the status of the capital of a special economic zone, a huge number of town-planning projects began to be realized in Astana. The population also increased. If in 1996 there were 270 thousand people in the city, in 2006 this figure reached six hundred thousand.

According to the decision of UNESCO, which was adopted in 1999, Astana was named "city of the world".

Alma-Ata

In the list, which includes the largest cities of Kazakhstan, the capital of the country is not in the first place. It is ahead of Alma-Ata. Since 1927, it was the capital of the country. Despite the transfer of its status to Astana, the city remains the only major metropolis of the state, in which more than a million inhabitants live. In addition, Alma-Ata is the financial, economic and cultural center of the state.

The city is located in the south-eastern region of Kazakhstan, at the very foot of the mountainous Zailiysky Alatau. The climate in this zone is quite mild.

The largest city of Kazakhstan is located in the center of the continent Eurasia. It is worth saying that Vladivostok and Gagry are on the same latitude. The buildings and structures of Alma-Ata are located at a height of six hundred to one thousand six hundred and fifty meters above sea level.

The climate throughout the city is characterized by a large fluctuation in daily and annual temperatures. The northern housing estates go into the hot steppe, while the southern ones feel the breath of the glaciers.

Karaganda

The cities of central Kazakhstan for administrative-territorial division belong to the Karaganda region. It is located in the center of the Eurasian continent. The capital of the region is the city of Karaganda. It is a large industrial-industrial, cultural and scientific center. Its population in 2006 was almost 452 thousand people. By number of inhabitants the city takes the fourth place in the country.

Karaganda is a large regional center located on the territory of about five hundred and fifty square kilometers. The city employs a lot of enterprises of machine building, food industry and metal processing, as well as coal mining. Transport infrastructure and communication are developed here.

In the regional subordination there are eleven cities. The second after Karaganda in size is Temirtau. Other cities of Kazakhstan, located in the center of its territory, are Balkhash and Zhezkazgan, Satpayev and Shakhtinsk, Priozersk and Saran, and also Abay. The oldest city in the region is Karkaralinsk. It was founded as a military fortification in 1824.

As for the climate, in the Karaganda region it has a sharply continental character. The winters here are severe, and the summertime is sultry. The annual amount of precipitation is negligible. In summer, vegetation, as a rule, burns out, and winter storms completely sweep all roads. In the spring, the snow melts, turning the rivulets and ravines into turbulent streams.

Shymkent

It is on the list, which includes the largest cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Shymken is the regional center of the South-Kazakhstan region. it

modern city. It inhabits a little more than half a million people. Shymkent is not only the third largest city in the country. In addition, it is a major cultural, commercial and industrial center. Sixty-nine enterprises of machine building, non-ferrous metallurgy, food, oil refining, and the chemical industry are located here.

Ust-Kamenogorsk

It is the capital of the East Kazakhstan region, bordering China and Russia. The city is the largest transport and industrial hub among the settlements of the Altai Mountains. The foundation date was 1720, when the construction of a defensive fortress began at the confluence of the rivers Ulba and Irtysh. In former times Ust-Kamenogorsk was called the gateway to the Altai mountain, because all the expeditions to the mountain ranges passed through it.

At present it is the largest metallurgical center of the country. Here the production of cadmium and silver, gold and gallium is expanded. The city has developed a light, food and logging industry. Works in Ust-Kamenogorsk factory producing silk.

The cities of eastern Kazakhstan, and there are ten of them, are inhabited by Kazakhs and Russians. The second largest after Ust-Kamenogorsk is Semipalatinsk. It also applies to the East Kazakhstan region. The city was founded in 1718. Originally it was a defensive fortress. Semey (Semipalatinsk) had a high commercial value. Through it passed caravan routes, bound for Russia from Mongolia, and also to Central Asia from Siberia. Since the end of the nineteenth century, Semei has become an important marina on the Irtysh with developed navigation. In Semipalatinsk, the production of consumer goods is developed. Electric cables, automated systems, as well as various equipment, instruments and tools are produced here.

Uralsk

This is the administrative center of the West Kazakhstan region. It is located on a picturesque plain. Near the village flows the Derkud River, which is the right tributary of the Chagan. The city of Uralsk (Kazakhstan) is unique in its geographic location. Here lies the invisible border of Asia and Europe.

The date of the founding of the city was 1613. It was then that a Cossack settlement appeared in these places.

Currently, the area of the city with all suburbs - more than seven hundred square kilometers. The length of the regional center from north to south is eight, and from east to west - twelve kilometers. The population of Uralsk as of 2009 was 211 thousand people. Among them are Kazakhs and Russians, Tatars and Ukrainians, Byelorussians and Germans, and also other nationalities.

If we list the cities of Kazakhstan, which are industrial, historical and cultural centers of the republic, then Uralsk should be named among them. In recent years, its economic significance has significantly strengthened and the share of output of industrial products has increased. This is facilitated by the oil and gas condensate field of the Karachaganak field located in a hundred and fifty kilometers from the city.

Many industries are involved in the industry of Uralsk. Among them there are energy and machine building, flour-grinding and food. The light and construction-material industry is developed here.

Petropavlovsk

This city is the administrative center of the North-Kazakhstan region. The foundation date is 1752. During this period the fortress of St. Peter was laid on the site of the present Petropavlovsk.

Today he is a member of the international assembly of major cities and capitals. In addition, the city of Petropavlovsk (Kazakhstan) - the owner of three grandees of the contest of the best cities of the CIS.

In the regional center there are nine different transport enterprises, there are seventeen state organizations of the cultural sphere, trains students of the State University. M. Kozybaev.

Ore

In the summer of 1954, the government of the USSR decided to begin construction of the Sokolovsko-Sarbaisky ore mining and processing enterprise. So began the story of Rudny. The city originated in 1957 on the banks of the Tobol on the territory of the Turgai plateau. An infinite steppe stretches around it.

The city owes its appearance to the pilot Surganov. When he flew over the Sarbai tract in 1949, he paid attention to the unusual behavior of his compass. After a while, geologists and geographers were sent here. Thus, the Sokolovskoye field was discovered. The city of Rudny (Kazakhstan) was built quite quickly. In 1959 he was given the status of a city.

Small settlements

The cities of Kazakhstan with a population of up to fifty thousand people are officially called small. Of these, forty-one settlements serve as the administrative center of the respective district. The rest are not. Among them are Temir and Stepnogorsk, Gem and Emba, Tekeli and Kapchagai, Charsk and Serebryansk, Shakhtinsk and Priozersk, Kurchatov and Saran, Lisakovsk and Karazhal, Arkalyk and Aksu, Shu and Kazalinsk.