Initial Driving Training

The purpose of topic 1 "Elementary training" (8 hours) - to teach students to develop with the controls, drive the car on different gears, maneuver in the established dimensions and stop the car at a given place.

Training is conducted in the afternoon, on the circuit. It is not recommended to conduct the first classes on the roads. The presence of transport and pedestrians on them causes unnecessary nervous tension of students and does not contribute to instilling in him the right skills in working with government bodies. All classes of primary education should be conducted in a very calm environment.

With the initial training of driving, students learn to work with government bodies and master various methods of driving, that is, they work out the technique of driving. This is a very important part of the driving skill. At the same time, it is also a basis for further training in driving a car in difficult conditions and in the city, when a tactic of driving is developed.

The purpose of the initial training is to teach the students first of all the correct implementation of the methods of driving. At the same time, students will also receive certain skills, although they are also insufficient. Hard skills in driving techniques, they will, as a rule, by the end of the entire training course, as a result of constant improvement and fixing them in all subsequent classes on other topics of training.

The most difficult and often recurring is the work with the pedals and the clutch and throttle control and the gear lever. When teaching this work it is recommended to use the so-called "three rules", which the learners must firmly remember: the first - you can not simultaneously press the clutch pedal and throttle control pedal: when the clutch pedal is depressed, the pressure on the throttle control pedal stops, when the clutch pedal is released When accelerating, the throttle pedal is depressed; Second - the gearshift of the gearbox is carried out only when the clutch pedal is depressed and the throttle valve is fully released ; Third - the clutch pedal is released, and the throttle pedal is always pressed gently.

Developing the right skills for students in working with the clutch and throttle pedals and the gear lever is the main content of the initial training. It must be remembered that a silent gear shift is a sign of driving skill.

Initial training, like any other, is conducted from simple to complex. Aimless movement on one of the programs is unacceptable. Trainees must constantly receive new, increasingly complex tasks. So, starting the car from the place is carried out first on a flat area with a firm surface, then when the car is in the sand or on the snow, then the touching, when the wheels of the car are in the ditch. Learning to switch gears is carried out first without time limit, then with its limitation, at a higher speed, and so on.

By the end of the class, the master has the right to require the trainees to work properly with the vehicle's controls.

I bring to your attention the methodology for conducting a practical lesson on the topic "Initial Training" in Exercise 3 "Movement with shifting gear in ascending and descending order" (4 hours).

The exercise consists of two tasks:

1. Sequential gear changes from the first to the highest and from the highest to the first.
2. Braking of the car with the engine and service brake, emergency stop of the car.

The main academic time is assigned to the first task.

Training begins with the display of the master of the technology of gear changes in descending order. In the explanations accompanying the presentation, the master draws the attention of the students to the fact that the value of the intermediate gas must necessarily be commensurate with the speed of the car and that it is also necessary to carry out the above-mentioned "three rules". The training in shifting the gears in descending order is first carried out at the lowest speed of the car on this Transfer. By the end of the lesson, as well as in subsequent classes, working off with the shift trainers in descending order should be complicated by increasing the initial speed of the car. So if at first the trainees performed switching from the fourth gear to the third gear at an initial speed of 20-25 km / h, then in the future it is necessary to require switching at a speed of 30-35 km / h or more.

When learning to braking a car with a motor, the master first shows this technique, and then trains in its execution with an increasing tempo. In this case, the use of brakes for students is prohibited.

An emergency stop of the car is worked out during the whole session. The master shows how an emergency stop is carried out by abruptly pressing the brake pedal, followed by the shutdown (before the stop). It is recommended that the technique of performing this technique be first worked out in situ, with the engine not running. Then the master in motion gives the command to stop the car by this method, but it needs to be performed at a slow pace. As the reception proceeds, the braking tempo increases, the stop command is given by the master unexpectedly for the trainees.

In the lesson, you should pay attention to the work with the brake pedal. Abrupt braking inevitably causes strong overload in the mechanisms and accelerated their wear and is allowed only for an emergency stop of the car. On vehicles with hydraulic brake drive, it is also not advisable to release the brake pedal sharply after pressing, as this adversely affects the brake master cylinder parts .

For the exercise, it is advisable to set the following control task: starting from the spot, acceleration by successive gear changes to the straight line, braking by sequential gear shifting in descending order along the first, stopping the car with a service brake.

Students receive an "excellent" rating if there is not more than one error, "good" - no more than three, "satisfactory" - no more than five. Errors are the same as those mentioned in the previous exercises. In addition, it should be considered an error if, during the transition to a lower gear, the value of the intermediate gas is not commensurate with the speed of motion.

This exercise completes mainly learning to start and switch gears. With subsequent training, the students will improve the technique of performing these techniques and the pace of their implementation will increase. But the main tasks will already be other, more complex, further training will already be based on the skills learned by the students in these first exercises. That is why it is very important at this stage of training to achieve correction of all errors allowed by students when starting from the site and when switching gears.

Many errors are visible immediately (for example, the student looks at the controls, keeps his feet on the clutch pedal, presses the brake with his left foot, etc.), and it's easy to fix them - constantly pointing them at the learner. But there are more complex mistakes that require analysis, the search for causes and additional training to correct them.

The master should stop on three mistakes: a strong jerk when the car starts moving, the engine stops due to the learner's fault and the gnashing of the gears when changing gears. The master explains that the cause of the first error is usually the starting at a high speed of the crankshaft and a sudden engagement of the clutch. The engine stalls when starting off, if it works at a low engine speed, the clutch pedal is released sharply, the parking brake lever is not released or the higher gear is engaged. Not warmed up engine, starting on the rise, on heavy ground, touching a loaded car - all this requires a higher speed of the crankshaft, otherwise the engine may stall.

Gear shifter when changing gears occurs when the clutch pedal is not fully deactivated, with a slow, delayed shift of the gear lever, when switching without double clutch pedal depressions, if the value of the intermediate "gas" is not commensurate with the speed of movement.

The master must find the causes of the errors, point them at the learner and, with further training, pay attention to their elimination.