What is the name of crop production in another way: agriculture, phytotechny, agronomy?

Crop production is the most important branch of agriculture, which produces 70% of the total food consumed by the population. Deciduous-deciduous plants and flowers decorate the adjacent to the houses plots, interiors. Many representatives of flora are used as industrial, pharmaceutical and perfumery raw materials, pet food. What is the other name for crop production in textbooks, popular science publications and methodical manuals? Such a question arises among schoolchildren, university students, as well as professionals working in different sectors of the economy. We will find out what this activity is like, how its name has changed over the centuries.

What is the name of plant growing?

The transition to sedentary life is the most important event in primitive society. There was a more reliable source of food than collecting fruits and seeds in nature. In Europe, for many centuries, the main agricultural crops were grains, primitive tools for tillage prevailed. Seafarers, travelers, traders brought new plants: citrus, melons, vegetables, potatoes. In the twentieth and early 21st centuries, advanced methods of soil cultivation and plant cultivation appeared. Crop production continues to change before our eyes. Modern technologies are being introduced at all stages of agricultural production. The fields are working with new tillers and harvesters.

Turning the pages of dictionaries and reference books, you can find out how crop production is called in another way, what is the specificity of this branch of agriculture. In different publications the following terms are used:

• agriculture;
• Field crop cultivation;
• Plant growing;
• Agroculture (from the Greek word "agros" - "field");
• Phytotechnics;
• agronomy.

Agriculture - the basis of plant growing

Practical activities in growing crops are based on the data of a number of sciences: biology, chemistry, and ecology. Required knowledge of botanical classification, soil properties, cultivation technology. In the "Complete Encyclopedia of Russian Agriculture and Related Sciences," published in Russia (1900-1912), the whole industry is called agronomy. In the "Reference book of the Russian farmer" edited by V.G. Kotelnikov (1913) also explains the name of plant cultivation in another way - phytotechnics. During the past century, certain branches of the industry were formed:

• Field cropping - production of cereals (wheat, rice, corn), technical (sunflower, sugar cane, cotton), fodder crops;
• Vegetable growing - growing of vegetable plants (cabbage, onion, sweet pepper, tomatoes and others);

• Fruit growing - cultivation of pome fruits, stone fruit, grapes and other crops;
• Decorative gardening;
• floriculture;
• Meadow-growing;
• forestry.

Specialists of agriculture develop agricultural technology of crops and varieties, improve methods of soil cultivation, create hybrids and forms resistant to diseases and pests. Problems in the industry are issues of cost reduction, reduction of dependence on natural factors.

Intensification of crop production

World agriculture is developing dynamically. The yields, the quality of products are increasing, industrial technologies are being introduced. What is the name crop production, which is more like industrial production? Increasingly, the term "agrotechnics" is used. Cultivation of agricultural crops involves the use of a number of techniques:

• Soil cultivation;
• Application of mineral and organic fertilizers;
• Preparation of seeds, planting material;
• Sowing and planting;
• Care for plantations, taking into account the biological characteristics of plants, climatic conditions of the season;
• harvesting.

"The main principle of agriculture is that the soil gets back everything it has taken," wrote the founder of agrochemistry Justus von Liebig. Resource and soil-saving systems of "strip" ("strip"), "minimal" (Mini-Till) and "zero" (Nou-Till) soil cultivation are based on the conclusions of scientists and the practice of field crop cultivation in the world. They are successfully used in the USA, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, a number of provinces of Canada. Technologies are aimed at preserving the soil cover, energy saving. Producers of agricultural raw materials develop processing and sales of products under the scheme "field - production - counter". This principle is especially important when growing organic food.

Vertical plantations

Effective methods are the cultivation of cultivated plants without soil. For these purposes, liquids containing all necessary nutrients are used. What is a different name for crop production, for which soil is not required? This is a relatively new way of obtaining a crop - hydroponics. Translated from Greek means the use of "working solution".

Industrial plant growing, based on hydroponics, appeared relatively recently. Its distribution is associated with the high cost-effectiveness of installations that can be placed on top of each other, creating vertical gardens and vegetable gardens. There are different types of feeding the nutrient mixture to the roots of plants. The method has some advantages. Requires less space for production, less harm is brought by pathogens of soil diseases, insects and worms. In the working liquid can be added substances that accelerate growth, regulate the timing of flowering and ripening of the crop.

Agriculture, plant growing and public health

In the technology of obtaining food products, the achievements of chemistry, genetically modified objects (GMOs) are widely used. One of the problems is the use of nitrogen fertilizers, which leads to accumulation of carcinogenic compounds - nitrates in vegetables, fruits, melons and melons . The use of other agrochemicals in plant growing negatively affects the health of the population. Each country has regulations for their use, compliance with which is monitored by phytosanitary services.

A promising area is organic farming. To its goods (natural, environmentally friendly), high demands are made. Agro firms and farmers should not use synthetic chemicals and GMOs when growing plants, when processing raw materials for food.

The cycle of substances under the natural management of agriculture is subject to the scheme.

At present, agricultural scientists and practitioners are improving the methods of production. Computer technologies for quality control of agricultural products are being introduced everywhere, biochemical and genetic methods of increasing plant immunity are developing. More environmentally friendly products are becoming more and more popular, especially in developed countries of the world.