Informatization of education is ... Technology of informatization of education

The development of technology has entailed the informatization of society. Today it is difficult to imagine a house in which there is no TV and computer, a person who does not know how to use the Internet. Information technology firmly and confidently penetrate into all spheres of our life. The education system did not become an exception. Today, not only the ministry, but also the center for informatization and evaluation of the quality of education, located in the city of Ivanovo, is engaged in implementation problems.

Next, we will talk about the main problems and tasks of this trend, its capabilities, and also consider the positive and negative points.

Identifying the problem

Informatization of education is a rather complex modern tendency connected with the introduction of various information tools working on the basis of microprocessors, as well as electronic products and new pedagogical technologies based on the use of ICT for teaching in the educational and educational process.

Informatization of education, first of all, is aimed at developing methods and tools aimed at the implementation of basic educational and educational pedagogical goals by using the latest achievements of computer technology. This includes computer training of schoolchildren, mastering them with modern achievements of ICT, modernizing education, goals, methods, and forms of education, its content.

Objectives

The process of informatization of education has its goals. These include:

1. Creation of favorable conditions for access to educational, scientific and cultural information.

2. Intensification of the interaction of the participants in the pedagogical process through the use of information technology.

3. Change in the model of education management.

4. Improving the quality of education through the use of ICT.

Main reasons

The development of the informatization of education has the following prerequisites:

- Rapid process of informatization of society as a whole. So, today more and more people have personal computers, are connected to the worldwide network, including schoolchildren, students.

- The growth of the technical capabilities of computer science and the reduction of their cost, which makes them more accessible. Almost every school has its own computer class, and most modern schools and universities install computers, multimedia projectors and boards in every audience.

- The course on the formation of a new information environment of society, the infosphere. Naturally, with such perspectives it is important to teach schoolchildren and students to use ICT correctly and profitably.

Basics of the process

Informatization of the sphere of education is based on the achievement of pedagogical and computer sciences, such as:

- computer science;

- cybernetics;

- theory of systems;

- didactics.

Thanks to them, not only new computer technologies are introduced in education, with the help of which students can master knowledge more effectively, but also methods and approaches to training, its control are developed. Electronic textbooks, tests, educational programs are being created, which use both the latest advances in computer science and the basic principles of didactics.

The main directions of informatization of education

For realization of the basic purposes the center of informatization of quality of education suggests to carry out works in the following directions:

1. Computerization of educational institutions, which includes not only the provision of computers and computers, but also peripheral equipment, such as multimedia projectors and boards, printers, scanners, modems, and so on.

2. Connecting educational institutions to the Internet. In the future, this will allow students to use information and educational resources directly during the lesson, and teachers will be able to conduct lessons remotely or attend distance training courses in the workplace.

3. Creation and implementation of distance learning technologies. To date, this form of training is considered one of the most promising. But at the same time, distance education has a number of shortcomings, among which there is a high cost of courses and a somewhat unprocessed system of knowledge control. In the future, it is planned to carefully study the training methodology and reduce its cost, which will make it accessible to everyone.

4. Creation of a unified information monitoring system for training, which will help to conduct timely sections of knowledge, determine the shortcomings and advantages of one or another method of training. This is one of the main tasks pursued by informatization. The quality of education should increase significantly, experts say.

5. Provision of educational institutions with electronic teaching aids, appropriate educational programs. Recently, the problem of developing electronic textbooks has become popular, which will significantly improve the effectiveness of teaching. At the same time, today there are no single textbooks compiled according to the curriculum. In most cases, teachers independently develop electronic manuals for their students.

6. Opening of information educational centers in which not only pupils, but also teachers can increase their computer literacy, get acquainted with the latest information technologies and methods of their application in the educational sphere.

7. Informatization of education is the creation of a regulatory and legal framework for the introduction of information and communication technologies into the educational process. Naturally, the introduction of new technologies requires a legislative framework that not only fixes rights and obligations, the procedure for introducing ICT, but will also take into account the issue of copyrights to electronic benefits.

Advantages of Informatization

We note the main advantages of this process.

1. Improvement of methods and technologies for selection of teaching materials.

2. Introduction of new specialized disciplines related to the study of informatics and information technologies both in universities and in schools.

3. Change in the teaching methods of traditional school disciplines, not related to informatics. For example, the use of computers in biology or chemistry classes will allow experiments to be carried out by modeling them using special programs.

4. Additional motivation for students, which leads to increased learning effectiveness. It is noted that lessons with the use of computer technology are more interesting for children than traditional ones.

5. Informatization of the education system will also allow creating new forms of interaction in the course of training: the student is a computer.

6. Improvement of the education management system.

7. Development of alternative and logical thinking.

8. Forming strategies for finding solutions to educational and practical problems using ICT.

9. Individualization of learning.

Disadvantages of using ICT in teaching

Despite its attractiveness and a lot of advantages, informatization of modern education has a number of significant drawbacks:

1. Limitation of live communication between the teacher and students. When ICT is used, the main role in training gradually goes to technical means, the teacher, for the most part, is engaged in the selection of the necessary material and its subsequent presentation.

2. Decreased communication skills due to the presence of dialogue: the student is a computer. The more time a student communicates with the technical means of instruction, the less time remains for conversations with the teacher and other students. In this situation, communication skills are significantly reduced, which further negatively affects socialization.

3. The reduction of social contacts, which is directly related to the previous paragraph. Communication with a computer reduces the level of social activity not only in class, but in life in general.

4. Use of ready information. Using modern ICT, children spend less time searching for and processing information. They take ready-made reports and abstracts from the Internet and read them. At the same time, they do not carry out a detailed selection and analysis of the material, but they take ready samples. In the future, it will be quite difficult for such children to independently write term papers and diploma papers with a high level of uniqueness.

5. Constant work on the computer can cause dependency. This is a serious problem that can lead not only to problems with study, but also mental, physiological abnormalities.

6. Decreased health. Constant work on the computer adversely affects the formation of the child's bearing, his vision.

Capabilities

The Center for the Informatization of Education notes that the introduction of ICT in the educational process will allow:

- To create an open system of education, which provides the opportunity to obtain quality self-education. The learning process will become differentiated and individualized.

- To make changes in the organization of the process of cognition and its shift towards systemic thinking.

- Provide new opportunities to accelerate the intellectual development of the individual.

- Develop new pedagogical practices.

- Organize instant feedback between students and ICT tools.

- Visualize the training information.

- Create a new highly effective education management system.

Difficulties in implementation

Informatization of the education system has two main problems, which significantly affect the speed of ICT introduction into the educational process.

1. Formation of the constant need of teachers to use computers. The transition to a new system requires constant and continuous application of ICT in the course of training. To date, not all teachers understand the importance of this process and are trying to conduct classes according to old standards, without the use of technology.

2. The need to continuously improve the information competence of the teacher. When working with ICT, the teacher must constantly improve, learn new methods and techniques of work, master newer and newer programs. Not everyone is happy with this state of affairs. In addition, sadly, not all teachers are able to use a computer.

Means of informatization

Another issue that needs to be considered is the means of informatization of education. This is computer hardware and software that is used to achieve educational goals.

The main means of informatization are:

- means for recording and playing audio and video;

- radio and telecommunications;

- Projection and optical cinema equipment;

- computer-based learning tools - programs, textbooks;

- telecommunication means of training.

Below we will consider the features of the use of computers and electronic textbooks in the field of education.

Use of computers in the educational process

As already mentioned, informatization of education is also the use of computers in the educational process. This direction has received the name of computerization and implies the active use of computer technology in the learning process.

How can I diversify the lesson with a personal computer?

1. To familiarize pupils with this or that theme, having supported with its colorful presentation. With its help, two channels will be involved, which are responsible for receiving information - hearing and sight. In the presentation there can be not only pictures and tables, basic definitions, but also video, audio materials.
2. Use of video materials - films, videos. Particularly successful use of such materials in the study of history, literature, biology and geography, chemistry, astronomy.
3. Use of special computer programs-modulators. With their help, you can conduct various experiments - physical or chemical, simulate galaxies and systems in astronomy. All you need is to set the computer data.
4. Use of training programs. The most well-known programs for learning languages that offer not only to choose the right answer, but also to enter the translation of the word, leave phrases from a specific set of letters.
5. Introduction of computer testing. Using computers to verify knowledge will not only facilitate the life of teachers, but will also allow for more accurate assessment. The computer itself randomly asks students questions from the knowledge base, and offers answers. Depending on how many correct the student will give, the final grade is exposed.
6. Use of special reference programs, dictionaries and translators. Work is also being done on electronic dictionaries and reference books. Thanks to them, the students will be able to find the necessary information in a matter of minutes, just by opening the desired program and entering the keyword for the search.

Electronic textbook as one of the main means of informatization

When we analyzed the technologies of informatization of education, we also mentioned electronic textbooks and manuals. It is believed that with their help, students will be able to learn the material much better. What are the reasons? In using not only text, but also multimedia material.

A classic electronic textbook contains:

1. Text information. These can be rules, facts, texts for reading.
2. The graph. This includes not only illustrations and photographs, but also tables, charts, graphs.
3. Audio and video materials. This includes audio recordings of works, texts for auditions and retellings, etc., scientific documentary films, through which students can better learn a particular topic.
4. Block of verification tasks. This includes tests and tasks of an open form. It is important that the electronic textbook contains fields for input of answers, could check and analyze them, pointing out the mistakes made.
5. Reference information block. There should be links to additional materials, online libraries and other information resources.

However, the problem is that there is no single electronic textbook for teaching this or that subject. The Center for the Informatization of Education is further obliged to work on the creation of uniform textbooks for subjects for further use in schools.

Ivanovo Center for Informatization

Today, the Ivanovo Center for Informatization and Assessment of the Quality of Education is most interested in solving these problems.

Specialists of the Center conduct work in the following areas:

1. Informatization of educational institutions of the Ivanovo region.

2. Training of teachers in the field of ICT applications.

3. Assessment of the quality of education in the region.

4. Work with students in the field of ICT.

5. Conduct annual training courses for teachers of ICT and computer science.

6. Presentation and assistance in the acquisition of new textbooks on ICT and computer science.

7. Creation of a software bank at the rate of informatics and ICT.

8. Conducting seminars and courses on new computer technologies.

9. Creation of a bank of methodical works of teachers of informatics and ICT.

10. Work of the camp "Young Informatics".

11. Distance school of correspondence education "Create and Communicate."

conclusions

Informatization of education is a complex and lengthy process aimed at introducing ICT tools and new teaching methods into teaching. It has both advantages and disadvantages. Its main goal is to improve the quality of education at all levels.