How to write a statement. How to learn how to write a story

Before the final exams, many students experience stress. One of the reasons is the need to write a statement. The reason is the inability to formulate one's thought. Can this be learned? Yes, and in this article we will look at what a compressed GIA statement is, how to write it and at the same time avoid typical mistakes.

What is the statement?

A statement is the creative kind of work in which students are read a text and they, depending on the assignment, should retell it in writing.

The main goal of the presentation is to develop the skills of spelling and stylistics.

How do they write the report? All work is divided into 4 stages:

• The teacher reads the text twice;

• Students make sketches in the draft;

• After the second reading they write a draft version of the presentation;

• Students check the text for errors, and if everything is correct, they rewrite everything into a whitewash.

What is the exposition?

Before you learn how to write the correct statement, you need to find out how it happens.

• Detailed - the text is retold while preserving the sequence of events and actions.

• Compressed - retelling the main points of the text.

• Selective - the presentation of certain moments in the text associated with a particular character or action.

How to write a statement?

Depending on the type, the approach to writing the presentation will differ. So, how do they write the report?

In the detailed written retelling, the following steps should be followed:

• Highlight the main idea from the text ;

• Determine the style of writing - artistic, journalistic, colloquial, scientific.

• Think over the genre of the future presentation - description, reasoning, narrative.

• Think over the sequence of the retelling and write it from one person.

When writing a condensed statement, the following steps should be followed:

• Divide the text into several parts;

• To select from them sentences with a semantic load;

• Exclude material that does not affect the overall meaning of the narrative.

When writing selective statements, you need to retell the text on the assignment.

In all cases it is possible to use the methods of replacement, exclusion and merging, but most of all they are used when writing a compressed presentation. How do they write in condensed form?

Replacement involves replacing individual words with common words. For example, "men and women" - for "people", "pupils and students" - for "children" or "schoolchildren".

An exception involves compressing the text by eliminating lexical repetitions, homogeneous terms and sentences that carry a lesser semantic load. For example, the sentence "Every faithful and loving city dweller went to the defense of native walls" can be shortened to such an offer: "Every resident came to the defense of the city."

Merger involves combining two complex sentences into one complex one. For example, these two complex sentences can be combined into one: "A person working long and hard on his goal, sooner or later will achieve it, despite the opinions of others. To do this, he must believe in himself and go to the dream, despite the obstacles. " The result of the unification: "Only faith in yourself and hard work will lead a person to the goal, despite the opinions of others and obstacles."

How to write a GIA report?

Writing is required at the final exam in grade 9. It differs from the usual presentation in that students listen to an audio recording. This innovation appeared in 2014. This fact has affected the quality of the work, which has deteriorated noticeably. The deterioration in the quality of the work was due to the fact that the teacher, reading the text, focused on the average student and made accents on important points, and in the recording the announcer very quickly reads the text, depersonalizing it. So, how to write a GIA report of 2014? You can focus on the following tips:

• When listening to the text for the first time, try to understand his main idea, while making notes for theses and the future plan.

• Try to mentally retell the text according to plan;

• During the second listening, add missing information to the records;

• Start writing a draft version of the presentation;

• Break the written text into paragraphs and count the number of words in each;

• Count the number of words received and, if there are less than 70, increase the text by adding adjectives, gerunds, participles, replacing pronouns with nouns;

• Check the text for errors and, if not, carefully copy the text to the checklist.

How do they write the GIA statement? The basic requirements for it are at least 70 words, it should consist of 3 paragraphs.

How to avoid typical mistakes?

When writing the presentation, the student may have typical errors:

• In speech, grammar and syntax;

• In the transfer of material;

• Logical nature.

How to write an account of the Russian language in order to avoid these errors?

Speech errors are divided into mechanical (typos) and normative. With the first you just need to be careful and check the text before surrendering. Here, the technique used in the typography will help: reading the text from the bottom up - so the thoughts will focus on the errors, not on the content. With the second type of error it is more difficult, since here it is necessary to know the norms of the language.

Spelling errors occur if the student does not know the correct spelling of the word. For example, "izvene" instead of "izvvini." To avoid them, you need to form a rich vocabulary, reading as much as possible fiction and periodicals, and write vocabulary dictations. To do this, you can write to the recorder a series of words with pauses and write them, and write down the words with errors in a row.

The reason for syntactic errors is the use of words in an uncharacteristic meaning and when they do not agree. For example, the sentence "We often saw Svetlana and talked to Svetlana every time" can be replaced with "We often saw Svetlana and talked with her."

Under stylistic errors understand the distortion of the meaning of the text. To avoid this, it is necessary to follow the word order in the sentence and coordinate the secondary members of the sentence with words dependent on them.

Under the wrong transfer of material and logical errors understand the distortion of the meaning of the text and wrong arguments. The reason is the student's lack of understanding of the text. To avoid this error, you need to ask questions: what is the text, what the author wanted to say, what arguments in the text confirm this conjecture, whether the student agrees with the author's idea.

How to teach a child to write a presentation: recommendations

The writing skills are not formed on the eve of the exam. Preparation for it should start in advance - for a month, six months or earlier, depending on the level of preparation of the child. Then at the exam the student will not have a question how to write a Russian account.

• Teach the child to shorten words and use stenographic signs;

• Find examples of GIA audiotexts and write on them the exposition from the above plan;

• Write vocabulary dictations.

How to write the correct presentation? The answer to the question is periodic practice, and even the most difficult task can be accomplished without problems.