How to make a water heater by hand: materials, tools, circuit

The main difference between flowing water heaters and boilers lies in the fact that they heat the flow of water passing through them. Therefore, the units have a higher power. The independent manufacture of such a device will help you ensure the supply of hot water at home or in the country.

There are various modifications of devices. Depending on the required volume of hot water at the outlet, the dimensions of the flowing water heater can also be different.

• Electrical model. In such configurations, water heating is carried out by means of a TET, a tubular device, or a tube of metal, to which an alternating magnetic field is exposed. Electric water heaters can be divided into induction ones and containing a heater with a thermostat for heating water.
• Devices operating from the heating system. These devices do not need power. However, the fact that they are dependent on the heating system makes it impossible to use them in the summer.
• Solar devices. Such devices receive heat from the sun. They are applicable in cottages and private homes. These units can only work on sunny days.
• Gas modifications. The operation of these devices is provided by liquefied or main gas. Such devices are used in homes and apartments that have a connection to a gas pipeline.

What units can be assembled by our own hands?

Many are interested in how to make a water heater by hand. Before choosing a model of the device, you should determine what type of tools you know how to work best. If you are familiar with welding technology, you can assemble an electrical appliance. If you intend to create a heater from a heating system, you will need inverter welding. In the absence of such skills, you can completely cope with the assembly of the solar structure.

What is the basis of the electric heater?

The flowing electric water heater, made by hand, operates on a nichrome wire with a high level of resistance. It is wound on a frame of ceramics.

The induction model works differently. A thick copper bus is wound on the metal tube, then a voltage of 100 kilohertz is applied. The metal pipe is heated by an alternating magnetic field and heats the water.

What materials will be needed to create an electric flow heater?

How to make a water heater running by hand, working on electricity? The process of assembling a tubular unit operating from a TEN will be described. In this case, the heater with a thermostat for water heating has a power from 4 to 6 kW.

You will need:

• A section of a pipe made of steel, into which a TEN will be placed with a small margin;
• Two pieces of steel pipe half an inch, which have a standard thread at one end;
• Pieces of steel in sheets, the thickness of which is 3 mm;
• Nut and bolt for earthing;
• Paint against corrosion.

What tools will be needed?

You should prepare:

• drill;
• A nozzle for removing dirt and rust;
• Inverter for welding;
• Electrodes;
• Metal brush;
• Roulette;
• a hammer;
• Sharp core;
• TEN.

A flow-through water heater, running from electricity, is shown below.

Stages of work

• Before you begin to collect the electrical structure, you should clean all the parts from the metal with a grinder.
• Take a piece of metal, the size of which is larger than the diameter of the pipe. At its center are holes for the installation of TEN. Depending on the model, it can have a power from 1 to 6 kW.
• From the TEN the fasteners are removed and the required drill is selected, which will be 1 mm larger than the device's leg. With this drill holes are made of the desired diameter. Some models of TEN have a threaded or smooth body, intended for insertion into some device. This hole is cut using a drill or inverter. You can turn to a professional turner for help.
• If necessary, drill holes for mounting bolts and thread threads. The metal piece is applied to the end of the pipe in such a way that the holes are in the middle. The shape of the pipe is outlined.
• The metal is cut off by the marking of the bulgarian. Then another circle is made, only without holes.
• The heater is fixed in a circle that is designed for it. It should be ensured that all parts fit tightly to each other.
• The heater is removed and welded to the end of the pipe. Cut it should be so that from the end of the TEN to the second circle was a distance of 2 cm.
• Next, an indent is made from each end of the pipe by 1 cm, and in it a pair of holes is cut in one line. They correspond to the diameter of the threaded segments inside.
• Threaded segments are welded to the holes. They will be connected to water.
• A circle with holes is welded under the heater, and a heater is installed. Then, on the other hand, a second circle is welded.
• In any suitable place, a grounding nut is welded.
• The received design is connected to a water pipe and a faucet. So the device is checked for leaks. If leakage is detected, it must be repaired.
• The water heater is removed, its surface is degreased and covered with paint, resistant to rust.
• After the paint has dried, it is possible to install and connect the device.

This homemade running water heater is fixed by means of various gaskets and nuts.

Important warning

Electric water heaters need grounding. Otherwise, the person may be electrocuted. Before switching on the device, it is necessary to check the quality of the grounding.

Manufacture of a device operating from a heating system

How to make a water heater with its own hands, which functions from the heating system? The basis of this unit is heating the heat exchanger with a coil, which is placed in the hot heat carrier of the heating system. In its role can act as a thermal battery.

However, inserting a similar coil into a new heat accumulator will result in a poor result. You can damage the heater, which will dramatically reduce the level of efficiency. The manufacture of a thermal battery should be done by yourself. The device must have small dimensions. Then the heat exchanger cuts into it, and the entire structure is insulated.

What will it take to make it?

For work, you will need tools:

• Bulgarian;
• drill;
• Inverter for welding;
• Soldering iron, whose power is not less than 300 watts;
• roulette;
• compass;
• Core;
• Scissors for cutting metal or secateurs;
• Rivet device.

Such materials should be prepared:

• Copper tube made of copper, the diameter of which is 4-8 mm;
• You will definitely need sheet steel (3 mm);
• A round mandrel made of metal or wood with a diameter of 10-12 cm;
• Sheet iron thickness of 5 mm;
• Paint against corrosion;
• Two gons 90 degrees from the pipe half inch;
• Four segments of an inch pipe length of 10-15 cm, having a standard type of thread;
• Two 1/2 "brass couplings with thread;
• A tube of stainless steel of an inch in diameter more than 20 cm (a part of the cylinder from under the gas is also used);
• Solder for copper and brass medium temperature and the corresponding flux;
• Material for fluoroplastic seal.

For insulation, it is necessary to prepare:

• Mineral wool;
• A corner made of steel with a shelf of 50 mm;
• Iron in sheets 1 mm thick;
• Rivets.

Manufacturing process

• A copper tube should be wound on the mandrel. If its diameter is less than 8 mm, it is advisable to make a double winding. The length of the spiral should be 15-20 cm. The tube should be pulled on itself to prevent its deformation. Do not use a mandrel with a diameter of less than 5 mm. So the tube is twisted and flattened.
• From the copper sheet you need to cut a pair of round plates. Their diameter should be the same as that of brass couplings. In the center of the plates holes are drilled along the diameter and number of tubes. Both surfaces of the plates and one of the ends of the coupling are cleaned. This is done using sandpaper.
• Medium-temperature solder should solder the plates to the couplings.
• After the parts have cooled down, tubes are inserted into them at a depth of 1 mm. They are soldered using a gas-fired burner or the same solder with a flux.
• Then the coil is connected to the water supply and the water is supplied to check the leak. If there is a problem, it must be fixed.
• In a thick pipe, it is necessary to mark out a pair of holes that correspond to the coils of the coil. They need to be drilled with the account that they were larger than the diameter of pipe segments by 1 mm.
• The stainless steel pipe is peeled from the inside and outside by a bolgar. A coil is lowered into the thick pipe. It is inserted into the hole of the tube with the coil by means of a FUM tape. Then the coupling is screwed in.
• Thin tubes are soldered with a torch or solder with a flux. A thin tube can not be overheated so as not to melt the FUM tape.
• From the opposite edge of the body, a pair of holes are drilled, and threaded pipes are welded to them.
• If there are thick pipes in the heating system, then thread segments of identical diameter should be used and make a hole for their size.
• A pair of circles are cut from the steel plate, the diameter of which should be 11 cm more than the case. If the water heater is not insulated, the size of the disks must match the diameter of the housing.
• Circles are welded to both ends of the body.
• Both heating outputs are connected to the water pipe to check the device for leaks.
• The unit should be opened with a paint that prevents corrosion.

Warming of the water heater

• To the surface of the body is welded 7-10 angles so that the second shelf runs parallel to the surface of the pipe. Welding is carried out not by a continuous seam, but by means of four tack welders, the length of which is 1 cm.
• From thin sheet material, a strip 2 cm wider than the distance between the end circles of the base is cut out. The length of the strip should be enough to wrap the device.
• On both sides of the strip are made beads, the width of which is 1 cm. By means of a pruner or scissors for cutting metal, the bumpers are given a sawtooth shape. The prongs are marked with a zigzag. They should be in the form of an equilateral triangle. The teeth on the edge of the strip, which are located opposite the corner, are cut off.
• The strip is applied to the corner. It is necessary to ensure its correct direction in order to implement the wrapping of the unit. After installing the rivets, it will be impossible to correct errors in operation.
• Then you should drill a strip and a corner. Make seven holes and fasten the parts with a riveting device.
• Cut a piece of the right size from the mineral wool and inserted between the corner to which is attached a thin metal and the adjacent corner.
• The insulation is covered with metal and fixed with rivets.
• A similar operation is performed with other corners.

List of tools for manufacturing a solar water heater model

How to make a running water heater working from the sun?

It is necessary to prepare:

• drill;
• A stapler;
• Electric jig saw;
• Device for cutting glass;
• pencil;
• Roulette.

What materials will be needed?

The following materials should be prepared:

• A bar made of wood with a section of 5x5 cm;
• Plywood sheet with a thickness of 20 mm;
• A board 10 cm wide and 5 cm thick;
• A hose for watering from rubber;
• Insulation on the basis of foil;
• Self-tapping screws of different sizes;
• Glass thickness of 3-5 mm;
• Plywood thickness of 3-5 mm;
• Reyki from a tree in width of 5 sm and in the thickness of 1 sm;
• Knitting wire.

The basis of such a heater is a rubber hose.

Instruction for manufacturing

• A rectangular base is cut from the plywood. On the perimeter of her bolted bars. They join together. So the design will be more durable.
• The received box is internally lined with a foil-based insulation. The foil is laid out.
• Cut pieces of 15 cm in length from the board. They will act as hose guides. One edge must have the shape of a semicircle. The diameter of the circle should be the same with the width of the board.
• The guides are screwed to the plywood on the heater side so that the hose laid on them forms a snake. In the place where the hoses rotate, the distance between the turns should not be larger than its diameter.
• In the bar, located below, with a jig saw a pair of grooves for the entrance and exit is cut out.
• From the plywood are cut four strips, the width of which is 4 cm.
• Plywood strips are attached to the face of the bars so that they form a step shape that fixes the position of the glass.
• The water heater rises to the roof and is fixed to the south side. We recommend a horizontal installation. So the efficiency of the device will be higher.
• It is necessary to lay the hose on the guides and fix it with the help of a knitting wire loop. They are attached to the plywood. The eyelets should not be placed above the guides, as glass may crack.

What can I use instead of a rubber hose?

Instead of a hose of rubber, a steel tube can be used, the thickness of which is 5-10 mm, or the coil from the old refrigerator. Guides in this case will not be needed, but you will have to bend the pipes in such a way as to achieve a turning radius of at least five diameters.

After the tube has been given the appropriate shape, it is covered with a sheet of tin painted with black paint and fixed in the body of the device.

The glass is cut to size and mounted in the unit with the help of rails, which are laid on the bar. Water is connected to the water heater.

Warning

When making a water heater by yourself, you must clearly understand that it is only you who are responsible for diagnosing and checking the device for a malfunction. When assembling the unit, you should be extremely careful. Incorrect assembly can lead to unpredictable consequences.

Before the first start-up and every three months, we advise you to check the condition of wires, contacts and welding seams.

Before you turn on the heater, do not forget to supply water. Otherwise, the liquid in the device will start boiling, and the electric heater on the basis of the tubes will fail.