How is measles transmitted in adults?

The measles virus is one of the most dangerous. The main question, the answer to which you need to know in order to protect yourself from infection - how is measles transmitted? The virus lives only in the cells of the human body, and, without a "carrier", immediately perishes. But still this virus still lives on the planet, because measles is transmitted by non-contact, and air. Therefore, having appeared in some village, immediately acquires the scale of the epidemic, if not taken the appropriate measures - quarantine.

Measles virus

Measles is a disease of paramyxoviruses with RNA. How is measles transmitted? Infection penetrates into a weakened organism, when a sick measles from an environment coughs or sneezes. Then the virus gets on the mucous membranes of a healthy person. And the infection has 100% character. The patient should be isolated no less than 5 days after the rash.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a huge number of children all over the world died from the effects of measles. For modern parents, measles do not seem so dangerous, as universal vaccination in the Soviet era "deprived" the ability to survive the disease a whole generation. But those who, for various reasons, were not vaccinated, should take maximum care of themselves from this virus.

Pathogenesis

After the virus penetrated the circulatory system, it is fixed in almost all organs - in the lungs, tonsils, and the digestive tract. But the most affected is the blood vessels. Eruptions always begin with the cheeks, pass to the sky and the scalp, then to the entire body.

Rash is a pathognomonic symptom, according to which measles are determined. Gradually develop inflammatory infiltrates. If at this time the infected person is administered an immunoglobulin, this will help kill a small number of pathogens. For prevention, 3 mm of immunoglobulin is administered, but if suspected of measles, people are still urgently isolated.

The incubation period is up to 10 days. Very rarely increases to 17. The course of the disease occurs in 3 stages:

• Catarrhal period. The patient's fever rises, a tearing cough begins.
• Rash period. From the 3rd or the 5th day the rash of Belsky-Filatov-Koplik begins. The spots appear on the face, then slowly "grasp" the entire body. The duration of this condition is about 9 days.
• Period of convalescence. At this time, asthenia is increasing and a decrease in the resistance of the weakened organism to bacteria is observed. With the end of the disease, the skin flakes off, the rash descends and the temperature decreases.

But when a person knows exactly how measles is transmitted, he can react in time. That is, isolate, do not let others get infected.
Physicians distinguish between a weak form, medium and heavy. However, those who went through seroprevention, if they fall ill, then mitigated (not too dangerous) measles.

Symptomatics

Symptoms initially are very similar to the flu. General intoxication, because of which a person feels weak, a bad cold starts, a cough and a temperature. With measles, the body temperature is very high: in children 38 - 40, in adults above 40. But from the 5th day the person is sprinkled, and you can make a diagnosis.

For adults, other characteristics are also characteristic:

• conjunctivitis;
• Photophobia (a person becomes susceptible to bright light);
• Severe headaches;
• Severe coughing;
• rhinitis;
• Measles enanthema (patches on the soft palate);
• Bowel dysfunction;

In addition, at a very high temperature, delirium is possible. Especially in men, as women usually tolerate high temperatures more easily. That's how measles manifest itself . Symptoms, as it is transmitted, is treated and how to protect themselves against measles is very useful information for a person. Now about half of all cases of the disease is infection of adults.

Isolate the shape of the current erased, hemorrhagic and hypertoxic form of the disease. The grated (mitigated) form proceeds most easily. With hemorrhagic observed feces and urine with blood, other bleeding of a different nature. In the presence of such bleeding, a person is urgently taken to a hospital.

When hypertoxic form of the disease is more often a meningoencephalitis, and this disease is fatal.

Whether measles is passed?

How is measles transmitted? Just like chickenpox, measles is also called a "flying disease", as the virus is transported by air currents and spreads very quickly. An adult who works with children who has not had measles in his childhood should definitely be vaccinated.

How is measles transmitted? If at least one child is sick, all of his age, all surrounding adults and old people become infected. This virus belongs to the category of highly contagious - that is uniquely infectious.

How is the infection transmitted in adults?

Despite the fact that the adult population is still more conscious, and always respects the rules of hygiene, this does not save measles. It was described how the measles is transmitted - instantly fast. If there is no formed immunity against it, then nothing will protect. Measles are transmitted by airborne droplets, and transported by several meters of air. This means that if in a neighboring room someone's child, sick with measles, sneezes, then the infection through an open window or ventilation unhinderedly enters the apartment and infects.


Anyone who was close to the infected person during the first days, when the disease was not yet manifested, also become infected.

Vaccines are usually enough for about 10 years. After communicating with the infected child, you need to pass a test that determines the level of antibodies to the virus. And if the body has already begun to lose protection, it is desirable to be vaccinated again.

Consequences of measles

Measles is a disease that disrupts the integrity of blood vessels. And depending on how much the vascular system is affected by the infection, light and severe consequences are discernible. The mild effects of measles are platelet damage, otitis media, laryngitis, convulsions. But there are more serious ones.

When the infection reaches the vessels of the lungs and destroys them, the patient burns very quickly. Moreover, when a bacterium penetrates into an organism weakened by infection. It happens (with hypertoxic or hemorrhagic form of the disease), that the cerebral vessels are more affected. Then recover almost no chance. Since encephalitis unambiguously leads to a lethal outcome.

Measles flow in children and adults

So, how is measles transmitted in adults? Just like any airborne infection.
It is better to tolerate measles in childhood. Adults are much more difficult to tolerate the infection, worse afterwards and complications: laryngitis with stenosis, bronchitis, otitis media, meningoencephalitis. Papicular rash in adults is stronger, more often on the body appear hemorrhagic elements (bruising). If children are treated at home, adults are immediately hospitalized.

The temperature in an adult rises often above 40 C. Especially dangerous when the disease passes in a hypertoxic form. In this case, a person may have CCC problems. An adult with this form of measles can not be treated at home at all. The body temperature in this case goes off scale. But if, from the first day of the illness, to call an ambulance and be under the control of doctors, the disease will be able to be defeated without consequences.

Vaccination of adults

Since 1967, in the former Soviet Union, measles have been vaccinated. Created a living serum academician AMN, virologist A. A. Smorodintsev. What's happening? On the basis of the usual egg protein, a virus is grown, it is weakened and can not infect other people, and will not lead to death either. It only looks like an actual virus by external parameters, and this is enough to make the body produce the necessary antibodies.

It is established that all adults after 35 years old, who were vaccinated against measles at 6 years of age, should be re-injected. As protection wanes with time.

All unvaccinated should be vaccinated twice, so that in their bodies, a long-term protection is formed. There is an interval between vaccinations - not less than one month. Adults are vaccinated with monovaccine or trivaccine.

Is the vaccine durable?

The immunity that is acquired after the disease is much stronger and lasts a lifetime, whereas the protection created against a weak virus protects not for long, only 10-12 years. But still, vaccination, as doctors say, is better than the risk of infection with real measles. In the event that a person does not know whether he was vaccinated as a child or not, he can do an analysis - a serological reaction. The analysis will determine exactly whether there are anticorrosive antibodies or not. Since more adult population is infected with measles now, it will be superfluous for everyone to carry out a serological response.