How is it manifested sinusitis in adults and children

Inflammatory process, affecting the mucous membrane of the nose and paranasal (accessory) sinuses (sinuses), called sinusitis. But if the disease is not treated, a complication in the form of sinusitis can develop. How is it manifested sinusitis? Let's look at this article.

What are the diseases of the nose?

Depending on the localization, the inflammatory process may be called:

1. Frontitom - defeat of the frontal sinus.

2. Etmoiditis - a lesion of cells of the latticed bone. This disease can provoke severe intracranial (meningitis, encephalitis) and intraocular complications (phlegm of the orbit, abscess of the eyelids).

3. Sphenoiditis - Sphening of the sphenoid sinus.

Etomoiditis and sphenoiditis rarely occur in isolation, often combined with sinusitis or frontal sinusitis.

Types of genyantritis

Depending on the cause of sinusitis can be:

1. Rinogenous - occurs in the form of complications after infections (influenza, acute respiratory infections, ARVI).

2. Hematogenous - bacteria get through the blood. This type of sinusitis is more common in children after diphtheria, measles.

3. Odontogenic - also manifested in children due to the ingress of pus through the lower sinus. Causes such a sinusitis complicated periodontitis, periostitis.

4. Traumatic - provokes a trauma disease or a fracture of the nasal septum.

5. Allergic - occurs as a result of an allergic reaction to the stimulus. With this kind of sinusitis there is a strong swelling;

6. Vasomotor - often occurs in people in adolescence because of vegetovascular dystonia.

Also distinguish between acute and chronic sinusitis.

How is it manifested sinusitis in adults?

The disease is most often manifested:

- severe headache, irradiating in the teeth and cheeks;

- a copious, viscous secret from the nasal passages;

- chills, high body temperature, lethargy, weakness;

- nasal congestion, a feeling of raspiraniya in the area of the upper jaw, increasing with an inclination;

- possible cough joining, development of tonsillitis;

- Decreased sense of smell.

Now it is clear how the sinusitis manifests itself. Symptoms, as you can see, are diverse and quite unpleasant.

The causes of sinusitis in adults

The main reasons for the development of sinusitis are:

- runny nose, more often staphylococcal, pneumococcal or streptococcal etiology, viral etiology is possible (influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus);

- Dental pathology, festering cysts, periostitis (odontogenic sinusitis) ;

- adenoids;

- trauma, posttraumatic curvature of the septum;

- allergic rhinitis;

- decreased immunity;

- polyps, foreign bodies.

How is it manifested sinusitis in children?

In children under 2 years of age, the ailment we are considering is usually not diagnosed - this is due to the unformed nature of the maxillary sinuses.

As for the clinical picture, the sinusitis in children manifests itself with the same symptoms as in adults. The main difference is the possible high body temperature, as well as the redness on the cheek from the side of the inflamed sinus.

Sinusitis in children is most dangerous due to frequent complications. A severe headache in a child is the main symptom of the disease. This is due to the accumulation of a large amount of pus in the face.

Diagnostics

A physician should conduct a comprehensive diagnosis to identify the disease. The main activities include the following:

1. Listening to complaints, collecting anamnesis.

2. Bakposev, a study of the rinse contents of the nose.

3. Radiography of additional sinuses, which allows you to identify darkening, reducing airiness, transparency. The most informative method of research, because it makes it possible to diagnose the localization of the pathological process with the erased clinical picture. It is assigned in two projections - lateral and direct.

4. Magnetic resonance computed tomography ("gold standard" for suspected sphenoiditis).

5. Rhinoscopy.

6. A general blood test (an acute inflammatory reaction: leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, palochkotsitosis).

7. Endoscopic examination of the paranasal sinuses.

8. Consultation of the dentist and maxillofacial surgeon.

The complex of diagnostic measures completely depends on how the sinusitis manifests itself.

Complications

Untimely treatment of sinusitis can lead to the following severe consequences:

- meningitis;

Otitis media;

- nephrite;

- sepsis;

- rheumatoid arthritis;

- endocarditis, myocarditis;

Bronchitis, pneumonia.

How is chronic sinusitis manifested?

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis can be somewhat muffled. But they can be recognized:

- soreness with blinking;

- swelling of the eyelids in the morning;

- frequent headaches;

- Constant nasal congestion;

Dry cough.

Chronic sinusitis also requires treatment. Therapy takes longer, but complete recovery is possible. Much depends on how the genyantritis is manifested . Symptoms and treatment, as a rule, are closely interrelated.

Treatment of genyantritis

Conservative therapy of sinusitis is reduced to taking medications. The use of vasoconstrictive drops removes the swelling of the mucous membrane, narrows the blood vessels, restores nasal breathing, reduces the amount of secretions. It is better to use droplets containing oxymetazoline:

- "Nazivin".

- "Nazol".

- "Fazin".

"Afrin."

- "Tysin" (contains A-adrenomimetic, provides narrowing of the vessels and improvement of respiration, the effect comes in a few minutes after application).

Antihistamines are also used in the complex:

"Telfast."

- "Gismannal".

"Loratadin."

- "Diazolin".

The greatest effectiveness was demonstrated by drops with an antibiotic. The most well-known are "Polidex", "Bioparox", "Isofra".

Systemic antibiotic therapy depends entirely on how the sinusitis manifests itself. Appointed for up to 10 days.

Antibiotics of the penicillin series are used: amoxicillin ("Flemoxin"), a combination of amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin, Panklave). Also macrolides: "Sumamed", "Azithromycin", "Clacid". Cephalosporins: "Sorcef", "Cefoperazone", "Cefotaxime", "Ceftriaxone", "Cefoperazone sulbactam".

In severe current use:

- Fluoroquinolones ("Ofloxacin", "Ciprofloxacin", "Moxifloxacin");

- carbapenems ("Imipenem", "Meropinem").

With the disease of mild and moderate severity, a tablet form of medication is recommended. In severe sinusitis, antibiotics are administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

Local use of antibacterial drugs (drops) is possible only with mild disease.

Combined use of local and systemic drugs reduces the risk of serious complications and speeds up the recovery process.

When selecting antibiotics, it is necessary to take into account the presence of allergic reactions in the anamnesis, the data of bacteriological investigation (identification of the pathogen and its sensitivity to various groups).

In addition, depending on how the sinusitis manifests itself, the following auxiliary activities are appointed:

1. Vitaminotherapy. Purpose of vitamins C, A, E.

2. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. With pronounced painful sensations, a fever with an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic purpose is prescribed: "Nimesulide", "Nimesil", "Naise", paracetamol, diclofenac sodium.

In severe cases, surgical intervention can not be avoided.

1. Endoscopic minimally invasive intervention.

2. Evacuation of contents through a puncture.

Children are manipulated only under anesthesia.

Effective in the treatment of sinusitis, the lavage of the nasal sinuses with a special device without puncture. This method was called "Cuckoo". Another effective way to flush the maxillary sinuses is to use the sinus catheter Yamik.

Auxiliary means are laser therapy, ultrasound, UHF.

Prophylaxis of sinusitis

To protect yourself from the development of such a disease, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

- use humidifiers;

- to carry out the sanation of chronic foci of infection;

- regularly undergo a preventive examination at the dentist, promptly treat caries;

- no less important is the strengthening of the body's resistant forces, vitamin therapy;

- regularly massage in the area of the projection of the maxillary sinuses;

- to prevent the exacerbations of bacterial carriage (washing of the nasal passages with saline solutions, when sowing staphylococcus, put turundas with an alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt).

- treat allergic rhinitis, hay fever;

- if there is a need for such treatment, do not abandon the surgical correction of the defects of the septum.

We examined how it manifests sinusitis in adults. Symptoms are fully described in this article. If you notice at least a few signs, do not delay and do not pull - go to the doctor.