The main risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a description. Prevention of heart and vascular disease

Currently, doctors have identified the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. On the basis of this, doctors developed recommendations on how to lead a correct lifestyle. If you adhere to these rules, the person will be able to keep his blood vessels and heart young for as long as possible.

On the main provoking factors

The list of those conditions that can become a predisposing factor to the formation of such pathologies is quite extensive. Among the main things to note are the following:

• Hypodynamia;
• Increase in body weight;
• Consumption of large amounts of table salt;
• High blood cholesterol;
• Age over 45 years;
• male;
• Hereditary predisposition;
• smoking;
• diabetes.

Such risk factors for cardiovascular disease are well known. Each of them has its negative impact, which can lead to the formation of pathology. In the case of the presence of several similar conditions, the probability of the appearance of ailments increases.

Hypodinamy

Any organs and tissues for proper functioning should be in good tonus. This requires a periodic increase in the load on them. For vessels and heart it is also important. If a person moves too little, does not engage in physical education, leads a "sedentary" or "recumbent" way of life, this leads to a gradual deterioration in the working capacity of the organism. On the background of hypodynamia, the patient may have other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. They include excess weight, as well as diabetes.

With hypodynamia, the vessels lose their tone. As a result, they are unable to cope with increased volumes of carried blood. This leads to an increase in blood pressure, which, in turn, causes overstrain of the myocardium and possible damage to the vessels themselves.

Weight gain

All risk factors for cardiovascular disease can lead to the development of this pathology, but more often the other cause of their formation is the excess body weight.

Excess weight is bad because it has a constant additional burden on the cardiovascular system. In addition, an excessive amount of adipose tissue is deposited not only under the skin, but also around internal organs, including the heart. If this process reaches too much severity, then such a "bag" of connective tissue can interfere with normal contractions. As a result, problems arise directly with the circulation.

Excess amount of table salt

It has long been known that many risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases are associated with human gastronomic predilections. In this case, most often as products that should be limited in their diet to almost everyone, it is called sodium chloride.

The basis of its adverse effects on the body is the fact that the salt contains sodium ions. This mineral is capable of retaining water molecules in the vascular cavity. As a result, the volume of the circulating blood increases, and the patient's blood pressure may increase, which adversely affects the vessel walls and myocardium.

Restrict gastronomic risk factors for diseases of the cardiovascular system is possible only with the help of a diet.

An increase in the concentration of cholesterol in the blood

Another major risk factor for cardiovascular disease is high cholesterol in the blood. The fact is that with the increase of this indicator more than 5.2 mmol / l such a compound is able to be deposited on the walls. As a result, atherosclerotic plaque forms with time. Gradually increasing in size, it will narrow the lumen of the blood vessel. Especially dangerous such education becomes in those cases when it strikes those vessels that supply the blood itself with the heart. As a result, ischemic disease of this major organ develops, and sometimes a heart attack.

Age over 45 years

Not all risk factors for the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system can be controlled by a person and adjusted by changing the way of life. Some of them, such as age over 45 years, sooner or later overtake the patient. This risk factor is due to the fact that by this time of life the cardiovascular system is beginning to gradually wear out. Those compensatory possibilities of the body, which previously protected the heart and blood vessels, begin to be depleted. As a result, the risk of developing all possible pathologies of these structures is significantly increased.

Male

Another uncontrolled factor is the gender of a person. Men are much more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases because they have virtually no female sex hormones - estrogens. These active substances have a protective effect on the blood vessels and the heart itself. In the post-menopausal period, the risk of cardiology pathology is significantly increased in women.

Heredity

An overview of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease will be incomplete unless the hereditary predisposition to this type of pathology is addressed. In order to determine how likely the occurrence of ailments of the cardiac profile is, it is necessary to analyze the incidence rate among the closest relatives. If the pathology of the cardiovascular system is observed in almost every close person, then it is necessary to pass electrocardiography, ultrasound of the heart and go to a reception for an experienced cardiologist.

Smoking

The main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include many of those items that represent certain harmful habits. Smoking contributes to the temporary narrowing of blood vessels. As a result, their throughput decreases. If, after smoking, a person begins to perform active actions that require increased intake of oxygen and nutrients to the heart, this is achieved only by increasing blood flow. As a result, there is a dissonance between the needs and capabilities of the vessels. Without additional oxygen and nutrients, the heart suffers, which is accompanied by pain. It is recommended to abandon this pernicious habit as soon as possible, otherwise the pathology of the heart and blood vessels will become irreversible.

Diabetes

This disease is fraught with a lot of unpleasant complications. One of them is the inevitable disastrous effect of elevated blood glucose levels on the vascular state. They are damaged quickly enough. Particularly severely affected are those that have a relatively small diameter (for example, renal vein). With the damage of such vessels, the functioning of those organs that are supplied with oxygen and nutrients due to them suffers.

Methods for limiting the influence of harmful factors

Naturally, it is impossible to change age, sex and heredity. But the adverse effects of other risk factors can be avoided through lifestyle adjustments. The patient should abandon bad habits, especially from smoking and alcohol abuse. In this case, the replacement of tobacco with an electronic cigarette will not help, since the latter also contains nicotine, sometimes even more than conventional cigarettes.

An extremely important factor in eliminating the main risk factors is the change in the gastronomic behavior of a person. He should give up eating, eat fewer different seasonings, including a large amount of table salt. In addition, do not abuse too fatty foods. It is about those of them that are of animal origin. It is these foods that can significantly increase the level of cholesterol in the blood.

Of course, do not neglect exercise. Morning gymnastics, periodic trips to the gym and walking in the evenings will help avoid hypodynamia.

If all these rules are observed, there is no doubt that the risk of developing dangerous diseases, including those that affect the heart and blood vessels, will decrease.