Hierarchy of oil needs

The hierarchy of the needs of A. Maslow, the most famous modern American economist, has become widespread throughout the world. According to his theory, any human "appetites" develop in the direction from the lower to the higher. First, the individual must fully satisfy his lower-level needs. Only then will his needs be transferred to higher ones.

What is this theory?

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is one of the most popular theories of motivation. According to her, all human needs can be placed in a kind of "pyramid". This is done as follows. At the bottom, at the very bottom of the "pyramid", we have the most important of human needs. Without their satisfaction, the biological existence of people becomes almost impossible. At higher levels of the "pyramid" are needs that characterize a person as a being social and as a separate person.

Steps

Although Maslow's hierarchy of needs was created in the 1940s, it is still very relevant today. A well-known American economist, he argued that people have so many different needs. But, he also believed that they can all be divided into five levels. In more detail, this idea was developed by a contemporary Maslow, a psychologist from Harvard, Murray. This theory is as follows.

1. Physiological needs. They are necessary for our survival. This includes hunger, thirst, the need for shelter and rest, sex.

2. Security (protection from pain, fear, anger) and confidence in the future. These are the needs for protection from the dangers of the physical and psychological nature of the world around us. Confidence that our physiological needs will also be met in the future.

3. Social needs - this concept includes a sense of belonging to someone or something, the feeling that others take you. This is a feeling of attachment, social interaction and support. Needs: in love, family, friends, communication.

4. Necessity of approval. This includes self-esteem, the need for competence, personal achievement, recognition of others. It is also a career, prestige, success, personal growth.

5. Spiritual needs: cognition, self-expression, self-actualization, self-identification.

If desired, Maslow's hierarchy of needs can be supplemented by material and spiritual needs, irrational and rational, conscious and unconscious, indirect and direct, and others.

Percentage

The needs, located on the first level, are physiological: in food, rest, warmth, comfort, etc. They are inherent in every person. When they are completely satisfied, the needs of the higher pyramids become urgent. In percentage terms, it looks like this.

The hierarchy of Maslow's needs implies that a person feels the need for safety and order if his physiological needs are at least 85% satisfied. People begin to want friendship, respect, approval, recognition and love, if their security needs are satisfied by 70%. To make us want self-esteem, which means freedom of action, achievement of a certain social status, our social needs must also be provided by 70%.

Satisfying the need for self-esteem by 60%, we begin to desire self-actualization, self-expression, realization of our potential. The Maslow hierarchy of needs asserts that it is this level that is most difficult to attain and fully satisfy itself while on it. Even reaching 40% of the level of self-actualization, we feel happy, but this is achieved only 1-4% of the world's population.