BusinessAgriculture

Goats at home and breeding

Goats are almost the most profitable animals for keeping on personal farmstead. The breeding should be done at least because of their phenomenal unpretentiousness and very good productivity.

Goats: breeding, maintenance, care

In order for the goat raising enterprise to be successful, it should be:

  • Provide animals with a comfortable place to stay overnight in the summer and wintering.
  • Correctly to develop a diet.
  • Know how to get a healthy offspring and grow it.

Further we will consider how to achieve the highest productivity from animals, in more detail.

What should be a barn

So, the successful content of goats at home in terms of productivity is possible only if they arrange a comfortable home for them. Too large areas these unpretentious animals do not require. However, in the tightness can dramatically reduce productivity. When designing a barn, one should keep in mind that one goat should have a minimum of 1.2 m 2 of area, an adult goat-maker - 2 m 2 , a kid - depending on the age - 0.70-0.80 m 2 . If these parameters are met, the animals will feel good, which will certainly affect the amount of milk and the quality of the wool.

The room for keeping goats must be insulated. The fact is that these animals do not tolerate too much frost and heat. The air temperature in the barn in winter should not fall below +8 ... + 10 degrees, and in summer it should rise above +20 degrees. The floor in the room for goats is usually arranged by the board and is inclined towards the entrance to the drain of urine. Next to the shed you need to fence a place for walking at the rate of 2-4 m 2 per head. The fence should be about 2 m high. In a small shed designed for a couple of goats, one window will be enough for good lighting and airing. In large rooms, supply and exhaust ventilation is arranged.

Feeders and a place to sleep

Live goats (breeding, maintenance, care of which procedures are not particularly complex) should in good conditions. It is important not only to build a fairly spacious shed for them, but also properly equip it. Feeders should be located at a certain height - 15-50 cm from the floor. In addition, it will be necessary to arrange special shelves for recreation. Fill them at a height of 30-40 cm from the floor level along the entire length of the wall. The width of the shelves is 60-70 cm. In a large barn, you can even arrange a large platform specially designed for sleeping goats.

It is desirable for each animal to arrange a separate enclosure enclosure, in which, in addition to the drinking bowl and the feeding bowl, establish large nurseries for hay. On the floor his goats are not thrown, as these animals are very active and lying under the feet of hay quickly trample.

Choice of producers

So, what conditions should be kept for the goats, we have found out. Now let's figure out how to choose the right manufacturers. Experienced farmers do not advise buying a goat or a goat in the market. It is better to look around for someone who is seriously engaged in these animals, or contact the nearest licensed nursery. If, however, the purchase is made for some reason, nevertheless, in the market, the choice of a good dairy goat will be:

  • First of all, carefully examine her udder. It should be large with nipples of medium length. The best milk is the goat with an udder of the right round or pear-shaped form, not divided into two halves, not pendulous and not flabby.
  • In order to make sure that the animal will give delicious milk without a smell, you should scratch your fingers with the hair between its horns. If the odor of the hand after this, it will not be felt - then everything is in order.
  • The age of the goat can be determined by giving it a cracker. A young animal will gladly take a refreshment and immediately eat it. The old goat will long roll a biscuit in his mouth, waiting for him to get wet.

When buying kids, it is worthwhile to carefully inspect their mother. The degree of productivity of these animals is very well inherited. You should also ask the seller about the conditions of keeping and feeding the kid. Sharply change its diet is highly not recommended. The single content of the goat in the farm is practiced quite often. But since these animals are extremely sociable, it is worth buying not one kid, but at least a couple.

When you can hold a mating

Successful maintenance of goats at home is possible only if the proper rules of the mating are observed. Sexual maturity in goats comes very early - in 6-7 months. However, it is highly discouraged to spend a year before the mating. If you hurry with this, after the birth of an immature goat will be much worse develop. The same applies to the offspring. Best for the first time goats happen in a year and a half.

Reproduction

Goats, the content and breeding of which must be made according to certain rules, - animals are very active, problems with obtaining from them offspring usually does not arise. Sexual hunting in them usually comes in the autumn. In this period, most often, and spend the mating. The goat is nursed about five months. Consequently, when they conceive in autumn they are born closer to the spring. And this means that the owner does not have to further insulate the shed. In May-June, on green pastures kids will quickly gain weight. Sometimes mating is carried out in the spring. In this case, the owners of animals will have milk in the fall.

Care of newborns

Those born to goats will need to cut the umbilical cord at a distance of 6-8 cm from the tummy. The remaining tip is smeared with iodine. Also, remove mucus from the mouth, nose and eyes from the newborns with a clean cloth and place them under the goat to lick them. The uterus should be milked no later than 4 hours after birth. Colostrum is fed to kids from a bottle with a rubber pacifier. In the first days of feeding in this way produce at least 4 times a day. A week later, go to a three-hour diet (700 grams of milk a day). At a monthly age, the dose should be 1500 g, and in the two-month period - 2000. At this time, kids can be fed no more than twice a day. By the age of three months, the amount of milk evaporated is reduced to 500 g per day. Then kids can be transferred to an adult diet.

Milking

The successful maintenance of goats at home in terms of obtaining a large amount of milk is possible only if certain recommendations are observed. To increase the productivity of animals you will need:

  • Punctually observe the order of feeding.
  • Give the goats only fresh high-quality feed.
  • To water the animals with water at a temperature of 10 degrees in sufficient quantity.
  • Refuse milking before feeding.

Contents of domestic goats in winter

In the cold season, adult animals should receive coarse, concentrated and juicy feed. The approximate feeding schedule is as follows:

  • In the morning they give concentrates (crushed cereals), juicy food (carrots, beets - raw, potatoes - boiled). Next, the goat will need to be milked and put in a nursery hay.
  • At noon, the animals are fed with juicy fodder - root vegetables or silage. After this, milk is again milked and laid.
  • In the evening they feed the squad and milk it.
  • At night, a hay and one dried broom made from branches of hardwood trees are placed in the feeding trough. You can also give fir paws. They have a lot of vitamins.

Goats goats twice a day for 4 liters per head.

The number of feeds should be as follows:

Feed

amount

Hay

1.8-2.2 kg

Mixed feed

0,5-1 kg

Carrot, beet tops, cabbage leaves

3-4 kg

Roots

2-4 kg

In addition, the goats must be given fodder additives, salt and chalk. Hay can be replaced with brooms in a double dose. Also, sometimes goats feed in winter gathered autumn leaves. But too much of it is not recommended. Limit the number of fed birch brooms. From them goats sometimes have inflammation of the kidneys.

How much hay will you need?

Mow the grass for harvesting for the winter in June, during the flowering period or before it. One head will need to prepare about 380-420 kg of hay. You can mow and dry 200-250 kg, and fill the gap with brooms. In this case, they will need about 400 kg.

The content of goats in winter in a warm shed with proper feeding will allow you to get quite a lot of milk during this period of the year.

Pasture

Goats are expelled from the pastures in the early spring. Transfer of animals to a new diet should be gradual. To do this, at first before the pasture goats are fed with a small amount of hay and concentrated fodder.

The mouths of animals are better on elevated, fairly dry areas. They like odorous, hard kinds of grasses much more than watery tasteless, growing in the lowlands. At the watering place goats are driven twice a day. In the heat of the holidays. The pasture itself is divided into several plots. First goats graze on one, and then transfer to another.

A special recreational area is set up on the pasture. From time to time, its location is changed, as it quickly becomes contaminated with manure. Home in the stall of animals are driven late at night. Thus in the summer, both woolen and dairy milk goats are fed. Their content in the warm season does not represent anything complicated at all. Many owners do not even feed goats additionally, completely transferring them to pasture rations.

Thus, the content of goats at home - the procedure is not as complex as it might seem at first glance. The main thing is to choose the right manufacturers, to develop a quality diet and to observe the order of feeding and milking.

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