"Gazelle": engine injector. Pros and cons, technical characteristics of the injector

Often when choosing such a domestic car as the "Gazelle", the question arises about the choice of the engine. On this car were installed different motors. Basically, the Gazelles came with Zavolzhsk engines, but there were Ulyanovsk units. They all have different types of food. There were both injector and carburetor models. So, let's consider what is better for a car "Gazelle" engine - injector or carburetor.

Briefly about the engine line

Since the basis for the "Gazelle" was the "Volga", the first power unit was ZMZ-402. It was a carbureted 8-valve engine with a capacity of 100 horsepower. Practice showed that with a maximum load of one and a half tons of traction this engine was not enough. At the beginning of zero, namely in 2003, ZMZ-406 was installed for the second generation of Gazelles. It was a more advanced engine, which developed more power and torque at a volume of 2.4 liters. Now the unit has a 16-valve arrangement. However, the type of injection here has not changed. He remained the same, carburetor. Some put on the "Gazelle" 406 injector. The increase in power, of course, is strongly felt. Also note such an aggregate as ZMZ-405. This is an upgraded version of the 406th engine. She has an injection injection from the plant. Put on the "Gazelle" engine injector ZMZ-405 was more reasonable. After all, the power of this unit is 152 horsepower, which is 1.5 times more than the 402th engine. And the working volume of the cylinders is 2.5 liters. Also, new Ulyanovsk engines UMZ-4216 with a volume of 3 liters are installed on the new "Gazelle". The unit has an injection system. The maximum power is 123 horsepower. By the way, such engines are found on SUV "Patriot" and some models of "Hunter".

Characteristics of the carburetor

This power system is used for mixing air and gasoline, as well as supplying it and regulating the flow rate. At the moment such inlet systems are not produced serially. They were long superseded by the injector. A distinctive feature of the carbureted power system is the mechanical method of mixing fuel. This process took place in a separate device. It's called the carburetor (hence the name). It has two chambers with floats. The latter are connected with a needle and interact with jets. According to the environmental standards, such motors corresponded to the Euro-2 standard. This is one of the reasons why such systems are not installed on the car since 2009.

Pros of the carburetor

The first plus is the cheapness of the service. Almost every motorist is familiar with the device of this system. Disassemble and assemble the carburetor in less than an hour. In addition, such power systems are suitable for the 76th gasoline. Requirements to the quality of fuel they have minimal. And if the carburetor clogs, at any moment you can disassemble it and clean the jets. As for spare parts, they can be found even now, despite the fact that officially such internal combustion engines have not been produced for almost 10 years. The price of components is very acceptable.

Disadvantages of the carburetor

Now about the minuses. They are much more than pluses. So, the first drawback is the low stability of work. This is especially true for winter operation. When you start, it often "floods" the candles. Idling must be adjusted manually (there is a "suction" for this). After warming up the carburettor starts to incorrectly dose the fuel. The system requires frequent adjustments. Another disadvantage is the large CO emission. On hot days this system also makes itself felt. And the most significant drawback is power. Even on the same engines, it will be at least 20 percent less. Let's take, for example, the 406th and 405th engine of the Volga-made production. The difference between them is 42 horsepower.

Injector

Now let's talk about a more modern intake system. Why are they now putting the injector on the Gazelle? In this system, electronic fuel injection is used. It is carried out by means of injectors (injectors). The main function of the system remained the same. The mechanism also prepares and supplies a fuel-air mixture. However, unlike carburettors, the entire process occurs here automatically, with the help of electronics. The special injector unit (microcontroller) reads the information from the sensors and transmits this information to the computer. The latter already gives a signal to the injectors. Note that the information is read from a variety of sensors:

• Throttle.
• Camshaft Position.
• Lambda probe.
• Idle move.
• Coolant temperatures.

The process of starting the engine is carried out with a half-turn. Having installed an injector on the "Gazelle", you will not encounter such problems as flooded candles, floating turns or excess air suction. Now all processes are controlled by electronics.

Advantages of the injector

The first plus is stable operation and ignition. The injector operates in automatic mode. You do not have to manage the "suction" or adjust the jets. They are not here. The next plus is low fuel consumption. This figure is 20 percent less than for carburetor engine models. And all because the dosage of the mixture occurs with high accuracy. Electronics reads signals from dozens of sensors (allows even the operation of the air conditioner). Another plus is high ecological compatibility. European manufacturers have switched to injector motors more than 20 years ago. Also note that this engine is easier to gain momentum compared to carburetor. Hence the difference in power.

disadvantages

Consider the reverse side of the coin. So, the first drawback is the complicated diagnosis of the injector. You can find out the problem only with the help of special equipment. Repair of the injector is also much more difficult. We have to go to a specialized service. Also, the system does not like bad fuel. The minimum octane number is 92, versus 72 for the carburetor.

Which is better?

So, what kind of engine, injector or carburetor, for Gazelle? Analyzing the positive and negative sides of both nodes, we came to the conclusion that the first system is considered more reliable and technological. Although the diagnosis of the injector - it's quite a complicated process, but it will need a car every 5 or even 10 years. With the carburetor, problems occur already in the first week of operation (especially if contact ignition is used).

Conclusion

"Gazelle" is a commercial vehicle, the main task of which is to "repulse" its cost in the shortest possible period. Therefore, the main qualities of such a car are reliability and low fuel consumption. With this, the 405th injector motor does an excellent job. While he spends 20 percent less fuel, he has incredible traction. Therefore, when choosing a motor, it makes sense to overpay and buy a more technological, injector option. It will not require frequent diagnostics and repairs, like carburetor analogs.