Functions of the medulla oblongata and other parts of the rhomboid brain

Traditionally, in the examination of anatomy in non-medical universities, the question about the hindbrain is answered with the maximum number of errors. Why is this happening? The fact is that this name is a unit of different levels. In one case, the brain is called the rhomboid brain, in the second - a small formation, which bears the name of the hindbrain proper (includes the bridge and the cerebellum). Confusing the first formation with the second is impossible, because the second is part of the first.

The rhomboid brain is the most ancient formation, it is found even in reptiles. In humans, it performs more simple functions than reptiles, because complex functions take on newer formations - the middle and forebrain. However, when you read about the hindbrain, you do not get tired of wondering how close all species are to each other and you are convinced that all life is in principle built according to one pattern, only in more advanced species is the individual elements somewhat complicated.

Functions of the hindbrain in a broad sense (we remember that in this case, the "posterior" is a synonym for "rhomboid") are very diverse, they include the functions of the medulla oblongata, the bridge and the cerebellum. It is most logical to start a discussion with a story about the medulla oblongata, because this part is directly connected with the spinal cord and is unusually ancient.

So, the functions of the medulla oblongata as a whole can be divided into two classes. First, its structures conduct impulses from "subordinates" and from the most oblong brain higher, to more authoritative centers. However, there is a second class of functions - the actual function of the medulla oblongata, it has its own tasks, which the centers outside the diamond-shaped brain do not control closely. This department is the responsible "executor", which once again does not bother the "boss", but he understands the "turnover". What are the functions of the medulla oblongata relatively autonomous?

First, there are receptors for the content of carbon dioxide in the blood, it makes us breathe not oxygen deficiency, but excess carbon dioxide. Therefore, if a person forces himself to breathe deeply for a while, carbon dioxide leaves more than usual, and breathing is inhibited. After that, a person feels oxygen deficiency. Remember your feelings when the doctor asks to breathe deeply - many people after that are dizzy because of the fact that too much carbon dioxide has gone and breathing is not stimulated. The oblong brain controls the inhalation and exhalation, although it also has a small "boss" - a bridge that sets the rhythm of breathing.

Secondly, the functions of the medulla oblongata include the control of the heart. This center receives impulses from both types of autonomous system. Its sympathetic part is responsible for mobilization reactions in extreme situations, and parasympathetic for relaxation and recovery. It is clear that they both control the work of the heart, speeding up or slowing down the rhythm. A medulla oblongata helps to coordinate their activity. However, "from above" can come to him from the emotional centers of the brain - subcortical structures, and then the heart rate is noticeably more frequent.

Thirdly, there is a vasomotor center, which is engaged in pressure. This part actively interacts with other parts of the brain, for example, with the hypothalamus, but in ordinary situations the medulla obliterates independently.

Fourth, the medulla oblongata is concerned with what we usually do not realize. Congenital reflexes, that is, coughing, vomiting, sneezing, swallowing.

Let's return to other parts of the rhomboid brain and talk about the proper hindbrain. Its part - the bridge - carries out the transition from inspiration to exhalation and vice versa. It also houses the centers of several pairs of cranial nerves. The functions of the cerebellum are coordination of movements and motor memory (together with higher centers).

As we see, the rhomboid brain performs the vital functions of the brain, that is, necessary for survival every second. Therefore, the brain is so vulnerable to damage to these areas.