Foundations on the topsoil soils and their arrangement

The soil is called the process of increasing its volume due to the freezing of moisture in the soil. This phenomenon occurs in different types of soil in varying degrees, and in some there is none at all. During construction, this must be taken into account, as a significant increase in volume can crush the foundation or break its integrity. Therefore, it is necessary to choose and build the foundations on the soil soils very carefully. Read more about their device.

Types of soils

Ground is a rock that is in the upper layers of the earth's crust. By the strength and magnitude of the constituent particles, they are divided into the following types:

• Semicusal - refer to cohesive soils. They differ in their ability to compact (marls, mudstones, siltstones, etc.), as well as non-waterproof rocks (gypsum-bearing conglomerates, gypsum).
• Sandy rocks are not cohesive fine rock particles, not having plasticity.
• Large clastic consist of unbonded pieces of semi-rocky and rocky rocks containing more than half of debris having a size of more than 2 mm.
• Clay soils consist of small particles of less than 0.005 mm in size.
• Rocky - moisture-resistant solid rocks, practically not compressible.

More often the construction is carried out on clayey, coarse-grained, semiccale, sandy and sandy-argillaceous rocks.

Foundations on the topsoil. How to counteract the whipping

To reduce punching and increase the strength of the foundation, you need to replace the problem soil with sand. To do this, the excavation site is excavated deeper than the level at which the soil freezes. Then the resulting tank is covered with sand, which is an excellent basis for arranging the foundation of the house. It well passes moisture and withstands considerable loads. Sand should be dumped, and then proceed to build the foundation.

It is possible to lay a horizontal thermal insulation of the soil along the perimeter of the structure. This method is suitable for small houses with a shallow foundation.

The foundations on the heaving ground can be built below the level to which the soil freezes. However, while freezing affects the walls of the basement, it can damage the design of the house. Therefore, this method should not be used in the construction of prefabricated and wooden houses with a lightweight ribbon base. However, for houses made of reinforced concrete and brick it is quite suitable.

Installation of drainage system will help to remove excess moisture from the ground. To do this, use perforated pipes and lay them in a specially prepared ditch at a slight angle of incidence, at a distance of half a meter from the foundation. Pipes are wrapped with filter cloth and covered with non-sooty soil (gravel, sand). The water accumulating in the ground freely enters the pipes and flows into the well or other tank.

Foundations on the topsoil. Summarizing

It should be borne in mind that the choice of a specific method of counteracting pouches depends on the size and depth of the foundation, on the materials used. Great importance is also played by the size and weight of the structure.