Filtering water well

Wastewater treatment is an important task for private house owners. It can be solved with a septic tank or a filter well. The latter option requires less cost in the arrangement and for many is more acceptable. Such a system allows the passage of water in the soil that has already been cleared of contaminants.

Description

The filtering well is a container with special elements for cleaning. The first stage of wastewater treatment is a filter collecting large contaminants. Next come into operation microorganisms that live in the mud, formed on the internal surfaces. Often, such systems are equipped in addition to the septic tank and ensure a complete purification of the drains.

Despite the versatility of the filter, it can be installed only if underground waters lie at a depth of at least 2.5 meters. If this rule is not observed, the contaminated liquid will enter the aquifer. The soil itself must contain a large amount of sand for rapid passage of waste water.

The average daily water intake determines the number and size of the wells. The total volume should be several times higher than consumption. As additional cleaning measures, biological filters and special trenches are used, the latter often being used to divert run-off waters to the nearest water bodies.

Varieties

The factory analogue of this design is a filter cartridge for a rainwater well, the main purpose of which is to purify rainwater from products of oil refining, fine suspensions and heavy metals. It can have various sizes and is made, as a rule, to order. Such a device can be used in transport parking, in cottage settlements and campsites. The structure consists of a plastic container, a grate and a nonwoven material covering the upper part and the main one, consisting of an absorbent material. The treated wastewater is safe for the environment and is suitable for discharge into water bodies.

Sanitary norms

The first stage of the arrangement is a competent choice of location. Particular attention is paid to sanitary requirements, according to which:

• The filtering well for the septic tank is located 2-4 meters from the neighboring territory.
• The construction of such a structure is prohibited near wells and other sources of drinking water. The minimum distance is 30 meters. With a high water permeability of the soil, this parameter increases by 20 meters.
• The distance between the well and residential buildings should be at least 10 meters.

Filler

The dimensions of the structure depend on the intensity of the drains and the type of soil, most often the diameter of the upper part is 2 meters. The depth of the filter is selected individually and fluctuates within 2-3 meters. To dig a filtering well with a depth of more than 3.5 meters is undesirable, as this will make cleaning more difficult and may accelerate the need for a new septic tank.

It is possible to use any environmentally friendly filter fillers. The greatest popularity acquired slag, chipped brick, peat, gravel. It is recommended to use a material with a fraction of not more than 3 cm. The optimum option will be a combination of several types of fillers. For example, a fine slag is laid on the bottom, and a broken brick acts as the top layer. In this case, organic waste will remain on the upper layer and be processed by microorganisms living in the ooze. After that, the effluents will be further purified by slag and will be in the ground layer.

Basic moments

The filtering well for sewage can have a different shape, for example, rectangular or round, which depends on the materials used. Wall construction is possible with the help of automobile tires, reinforced concrete products, concrete or brick.

First you need to excavate the excavation. Its dimensions are selected in accordance with the proposed design and with a margin of 30-40 cm. Wall construction does not require special skills. When using bricks, it is recommended to lay with holes about 4-5 cm wide to prevent stagnation of water.

To build a well from concrete rings, you can purchase finished products or find used rings with natural holes, saving a lot of money.

The process of mounting the products can be simplified by installing a ring in place of the intended filter and gradually removing the soil from the inside. The ring under the influence of its own weight will gradually dive into the ground. It is also necessary to deal with the remaining products, stacking them on top of each other.

Before installing the walls, it is necessary to determine in advance the point of release of the septic tank or the drainage of the sewage system. In this case, the outlet of the pipe should be from the level of the bulk material at a distance of not less than 20 cm. It is also recommended to select a piece of wood of suitable size to be placed under the place of impact of the jet. This will improve the quality of the treatment and ensure an even distribution of wastewater.

The filter material is poured only after completion of the wall arrangement. According to experts, the optimum solution will be filling the fine-grained material along the edge of the bottom and filling the center with a larger material. Backfill is necessary not only for the bottom, but also for the free space between the walls of the excavation and the filter.

Completion

With the help of a shield made of reinforced concrete or wood, the upper part is covered. There must be room for a vent and a hatch. The last element is invaluable, because with it a preventive inspection and, if necessary, cleaning of the bulk layer are carried out. A well with a filtering load must have a hatch with dimensions of at least 70 cm to ensure free access. It is best to use a double structure with a heater. The location of the vent can be any. In the end, the upper part is covered with ruberoid material pressed against the ground. In order to prevent freezing in the winter months, you need to make a thicker layer - at least half a meter. Unseemly appearance can be decorated with any elements of landscape design, flower bed, for example.

Plastic analogues

Plastic filtration wells have become widespread. Their arrangement costs more than a septic tank from improvised materials, but they have many advantages. Among the basic it is necessary to allocate fast installation, reliability and simple service. The volume of the container can vary over a wide range, so it is selected in accordance with the approximate daily water consumption. The basis of the reservoir is a layer of filtering material, the walls are made of durable plastic, not corroded and characterized by a long service life. Plastic containers are presented by manufacturers in a wide range, which greatly simplifies the choice.

Use of tires

The most budgetary option is a filtering well of used automobile tires. Its bandwidth is quite enough for a family of three. Most often, such systems are equipped with houses used only for living in the summer months, as the material is subject to freezing, which is why the vital activity of bacteria decreases or completely stops at abnormally low temperatures.

The creation of this design does not require special skills - it is enough to put the tires on top of each other and fix it with plastic clamps. Sealing joints is made by special composition. The fabrication of the upper part of the structure and the backfilling of the material are carried out in the same way as when creating wells from other materials.

Care

Well with filter cartridge Requires systematic maintenance, which consists in the timely removal of sludge and cleaning from large contaminants. Before cleaning, it is necessary to stop the operation of the sewage system for a while to reduce the level of the drains in the tank. After that you need to partially replace the bulk layer and carefully loosen it.

In the case of severe siltation, special agents are used, which are also recommended for maintaining cleanliness. They have a different cost, depending on the volume and the manufacturer. Before the addition of the preparation, the filtering well is emptied using a suction machine, after which a solution dissolved in hot water is poured.