How to install a filtration well?

When draining waste water in a country house, it is mandatory to clean them. As the issue of ecology remains relevant, it should be remembered that the removal of untreated water into the soil is prohibited. In this regard, in addition to purification systems, there must be facilities for underground filtration in country houses.

For the treatment of sewage household water, septic tanks are used, after which a filtration well is installed. Such measures are prescribed in the existing sanitary norms. Having familiarized with them, you can understand that the presence of fields of underground filtration, sand-gravel filters and filtering trenches is still important. The choice of this or that structure will depend on:

• Depth of groundwater;
• Type of soil;
• Availability of aquifers and other factors.

For the biological treatment of effluents , filtration wells are most often used today.

Description

The filtering well is a structure, the main purpose of which is the biological treatment of waste water in a local sewage system. Such treatment facilities are arranged when there is no possibility to divert the sewage into the reservoir through the drainage system. In such cases, the house is removed from the pond or the site is characterized by an insufficient gradient. In this connection, there is a need to remove the sewage in the soil.

Filtration well is an independent drainage structure or a means for cleaning sewage. In the first case, the well is located on the site, if the volume of sewage is not more than one cubic meter per day. The second case involves the use of a well for additional treatment of impurities before they are sent to the soil.

Features of filtering wells

Filtering wells are used for wastewater treatment, when the water flow per day does not exceed 50 cm ³ . This indicates that the house should not live more than 3 people. If it is a question of sandy loam, then the norm of the area of the well for such soil is 1.5 m ² . As for sandy soils, this parameter is 1 m ² . When the water flow does not exceed 1 m ³ , it is possible to install one well for 5 people, its dimensions should be equal to 2 m ² for sandy loam and 1.5 m ² - for sandy soil.

Where to place the well

Before you build a filtration well, you need to collect information about the ground. Wells can be located only in those soils that are suitable for this. This should include:

• Sandy soils;
• peat;
• Sandy loam with a low content of clay particles.

If we are talking about loam and clay, which have a low coefficient of filtration, then it is pointless to install wells in them, because the filtration structures can not be operated efficiently under such conditions. It is unacceptable to install wells for biological treatment in fractured rocks, this is because filtration of water does not occur.

In the absence of an organized drain, water can reach even sources of drinking water. On sites with soil that is characterized by low filtration properties, other methods of sewage cleaning should be used.

The soil state also affects the well filtration area. The filtration area, among other things, determines the life of the well: it will be possible to serve the filtering well if the filtration area is significant. A filtration well for a septic tank can be effectively operated only if it is competently carried out all the work, taking into account the depth of occurrence of groundwater. This level should be located 0.5 m below the filter bottom.

The base of the drainage system should be located above the groundwater table by 1 m. If the groundwater is located on the site rather high, then a well can not be installed. It is also important to remember the depth of freezing. The filtration well is installed by its own hands below the freezing level of the soil, which depends on the climatic conditions. For example, in the central zone of Russia this parameter is 1.3 m from the surface of the earth.

Making a plastic well

If the filtration well from plastic was not acquired, then it can be made independently. For this, a corrugated pipe of the required diameter is used, the last of which can be 925 mm. From the pipe cut the right length, which will become the height of the well. In the design holes are made, and in the place of passage of pipes it is possible to use rubber cuffs.

If necessary, the seams are sealed with bituminous mastic. After the installation of such a well, preparation is laid at the bottom, pipes are connected, and if necessary, also a pump. The void between the walls and the well can be covered with rubble, the hatch is installed from above.

Installing a local bottom well

If you have thought about the question of how to install a filtration well, you can familiarize yourself with the local bottom structure, the main elements of which are:

• Walls;
• Overlapping;
• Bottom filter.

The latter has the form of backfill from crushed stone, caked slag, gravel, and also brick fragments. The diameter of the fraction of these materials can vary from 10 to 70 mm. This backfill is carried out at a height of 1 m. In the well, the liquid, which has been purified from suspended particles, will fall through the pipe from the septic tank. Therefore, the pipe must be positioned above the surface of the filter. This distance is usually 0.2 m. The place where the jet will fall on the filter should be covered with an antiseptic shield that will distribute the sewage in the well. This measure eliminates the erosion of the backfill.

The walls of the well

Quite often, the owners of suburban real estate are wondering how to properly install a filtration well. Its walls can be made of:

• Old barrel;
• Reinforced concrete rings;
• Quarry stone;
• Solid clay bricks.

Particular attention should be paid to the fact that there must be holes in the walls. They should be left or pierced. They should be distributed at the height of the filter as evenly as possible. They are performed in staggered order, and their diameter can vary from 4 to 6 cm. The area of the holes should not exceed 10% of the wall surface. The walls of the well on the outside should be covered with the material that was used to lay the bottom filter. The height of the backfill should be equal to the height of the filter, whereas the thickness is usually equal to the limit of 30 to 50 cm.

Ventilation and overlapping

The filter well and the septic tank must be equipped with a vent pipe. It is located in the ceiling of the treatment plant. The upper part of the pipe is located above the surface of the soil in 70 cm. It is important to equip the element with a flipper.

The most optimal pipe diameter is 10 cm. If it spoils the landscape, then the problem can be solved by camouflaging an element with curly plants. In the ceiling, you need to install a hatch, the diameter of which is 70 cm. Two lids serve as its feature. One of them will be a carrier, while the second will be a weighting one, it needs to be positioned from the bottom. Between the covers, leave a distance that is filled with insulation material, such as bags of perlite sand or mineral wool.

Recommendations of a specialist

Today, filtering wells rarely have a diameter greater than 2 m. Their depth is usually 3 m or less. If the area of the sewage treatment plant is large, several small wells should be installed in the area. This need arises when the area of the well is more than 4 m ² , because the volume of sewage can be impressive. It is important to remove them from the existing source of drinking water by 30 m or more.

Norms and rules of the device

Filtration well of slate can also be done on its own. To do this, the sheets can be connected by means of a solution, holes are pre-made in the canvases, their parameters have been described above. At the bottom of the structure should be laid a layer of granular loading, through which the water will pass. The walls of the well can be overlaid with a square brick or natural stone. It is important to leave the process gaps or drill holes in the finished product.

Features of conical wells

The filter conical well is very popular among consumers today. It is made of plastic and can have a height of up to 2.5 m. The conical structure allows the installation of such systems in different soils, including cloddy clays. The upper part of the structure has a diameter equal to 600 mm, whereas from the bottom it reaches 1000 mm.

The system is delivered with a cast-iron or polymer-sandwich hatch, in this case a slab is not required. At the base of the body lies a corrugated pipe, and the pipes are connected in place. The neck is attached to the body of the well at the manufacturing stage. The top cover will look great on pedestrian areas and lawns. A conical cone with perforating filtering can have a two-walled structure and an open top. The wall of the well is hollow, while the lower part is open, and for the upper part you can use any standard hatch as desired. Such a well can be installed to service the house for 10 people. The advantages of such facilities should be:

• Insignificant weight in comparison with ferro-concrete designs;
• No toxic emissions into the soil;
• Long service life up to 50 years.

The well is fairly simple to install by yourself.

Conclusion

In order for the cleaning facility in the form of a filtration well to cope with the tasks assigned to it, it should be located in the area where the groundwater is below the level at which the filter bottoms are located from the cushion of rubble. The distance to the bottom of the water of the cleaning facility should be 0.5 m. The base of the well should rise above the surface of the groundwater by 1 m.

If in the ground water table is located quite high, then it is recommended to abandon the construction of the filtering well. It is important to place the sewage elements of the system even below the freezing level of the soil. If it is a question of an average strip of Russia this value is equal to a limit from 1,3 to 1,4 m.

When designing the structures described, it is especially important to follow the recommendations and technology, otherwise the structure will not function correctly. This will cause an ecological catastrophe. The source of drinking water can be contaminated.