Extracorporeal hemocorrection: a description of the procedure, features and reviews

Blood is a biological fluid that consists of plasma and shaped elements. It is a connective tissue that circulates through the system of vessels with the help of rhythmic contractions of the heart muscle. The amount of blood depends on age and gender. There are a number of pathologies that lead to a change in the composition of the biological fluid. One of the innovative methods of restoring physiological parameters is extracorporeal hemocorrection.

What kind of procedure?

The essence of the method is based on a complex of modern methods of purifying blood not in the human body, but outside it. Roughly speaking, the patient takes blood, cleans it of excess pathological microorganisms, cholesterol, metabolic products, toxins, antigens and antibodies, and then again returned to the body.

Extracorporeal blood hemocorrection allows you to change the following indicators:

• Cellular composition;
• Ratio of electrolytes;
• The number of protein structures;
• Enzyme composition;
• Immune parameters.

Extracorporeal hemocorrection is carried out by distillation of biological fluid with all its elemental elements or only plasma through special circulatory circuits of membrane, centrifugal, sorption type.

History of procedure and stages of development

Extracorporeal blood hemocorrection, the price of which depends on the method used, found its origin in the most common bloodletting. Previously, this method was considered a help in the following endeavors:

• Relief of dizziness;
• Elimination of headache;
• Elimination of poisons and other toxic substances;
• Elimination of the effect of infectious agents;
• Pressure reduction;
• Relief of fever symptoms.

Rational grain in this way was available: the doctor reduced the volume of circulating blood, which caused a decrease in pressure and a decrease in the concentration of pathological agents. But in parallel there was a decrease in the number of formed elements and proteins, which negatively affected the patient's condition, aggravating the process of therapy.

The first attempts to "launder" elements of blood and plasma with their return appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, but they did not become successful until the 1950s. The first blood cell separator, operating in an autonomous mode, was patented in the late 1960s in the United States. From this moment the active phase of innovations in the sphere of hemocorrection began.

Features and Risk of the Method

Extracorporal hemocorrection is based on the distillation of the patient's blood through a special device, which includes microfilters. Then the biological fluid is saturated with elements, the level of which is insufficient, but the body needs them for proper functioning. The connective tissue is returned back to the bloodstream of the patient.

Any manipulation of biological fluids involves certain risks. For the procedure of extracorporeal hemocorrection they are the following:

• Possible infection with infectious diseases (hepatitis, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus);
• Allergic reactions to the ingestion of foreign proteins or shaped elements into the body, which is manifested by itching of the skin, lowering of arterial pressure, muscle pain, chills, rash like hives;
• Thromboembolism of the main arteries;
• Hemorrhagic syndrome - increased bleeding of the mucous membranes on the background of changes in the links of hemostasis;
• Air embolism arises against the background of air ingress into the system of the apparatus, and subsequently to the circulatory system of the patient.

Indications for the procedure

Extracorporeal hemocorrection, which testifies to the effectiveness and effectiveness of the method, has the following indications in various fields:

1. Cardiology: ischemic heart disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis.
2. Rheumatology: antiphospholipid syndrome, vasculitis, arthritis, scleroderma, nodular periarthritis, dermatomyositis.
3. Toxicology: intoxication of any genesis, alcoholism, drug addiction, radionuclide and radiation exposure.
4. Gynecology: gestosis, rhesus-conflict, urogenital infections.
5. Endocrinology: diabetes, pathology of the thyroid gland.
6. Neurology: multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease.
7. Dermatology: psoriasis, eczema, neurodermatitis.
8. Pulmonology: bronchial asthma, pneumonia, lung abscess.
9. Gastroenterology: dysbacteriosis, liver pathology.
10. Urology: glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure.

Overview of the methods used

All methods of extracorporal hemocorrection have their own peculiarities, advantages and disadvantages, as, however, any medical manipulation.

Lymphocytapheresis is a manipulation consisting in the extraction of cytotoxic lymphocytes from the blood, photopheresis and their activation by interleukin cytokines. The price of the service is high - from 28 thousand rubles.

Plasmapheresis is a method of extracorporal hemocorrection, the price of which varies from 3 to 12 thousand rubles. Its peculiarity consists in taking blood from the patient, dividing it into uniform elements and plasma. The uniform elements return unchanged, and autoantibodies, mediators of inflammation, toxins and metabolic products are eliminated from the plasma.

Hemosorption is a method of purifying blood with the help of sorbents. These substances absorb toxins and poisons. As sorbents, activated carbon or ion exchange resins can be used . The method is used for the following states:

• Poisoning with medicines (barbiturates, "Elenium", "Noxiron");
• Intoxication with poisons of chemical production;
• Liver damage;
• Systemic diseases and dermatological pathologies (systemic lupus, psoriasis).

The price of the procedure is from 4 to 12 thousand rubles.

Photopheresis is a method based on the action of ultraviolet long beams on the blood components before reinfusion. The average price of the service is 35 thousand rubles.

Immunosorption consists in the removal of antibodies or antigens from the blood as it passes through the immunosorbent. The concentration of uniform elements and plasma indices remains unchanged. They are used for kidney diseases, allergies of various genesis, autoimmune pathologies. This method is widely known in foreign clinics and hemocorrection centers.

Cryoapheresis - extracorporal hemocorrection, the price of which varies from 6 to 14 thousand rubles. The manipulation is similar to plasmapheresis. A cryoprecipitate is removed from the cooled and centrifuged plasma, which may contain a certain number of viruses, immunoglobulins, bacteria, fungi.

Cascade filtration is a method based on the passage of blood plasma through membrane filters. There is a purification of biological fluid from bacteria, viruses, fats, fibrinogen, immunoglobulins. As a result, the purified plasma is returned to the host. The price of the procedure is up to 55 thousand rubles.

Contraindications

Extracorporeal hemocorrection has a number of contraindications. Absolute include the presence of bleeding at the moment or in the anamnesis of the last few weeks, the presence of a focus of purulent infection in the body, allergic reactions to those components that are used in the procedure.

Relative contraindications:

• Decompensated diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
• Low blood pressure;
• Moderate to severe anemia;
• Hypoproteinemia;
• Exacerbation of inflammatory processes of the venous system;
• The state of alcohol intoxication;
• Infectious diseases in acute stage;
• mental disorders;
• menstruation;
• Early pregnancy.

Preparation of the patient

The parameters of general clinical analyzes, blood coagulability, presence of infectious diseases (HIV infection, syphilis, hepatitis) are mandatory.

The patient acquaints himself and signs an agreement for the procedure. In another special preparation the body of the patient does not need. If it is necessary to take a laboratory material with a diagnostic purpose, the morning meal should be discarded before the manipulation itself.

Procedure

The center of extracorporeal hemocorrection is a medical and diagnostic institution, whose specialists deal not only with the procedure for purifying blood and its components, but also with the following measures:

• Conduct laboratory and instrumental diagnostics of diseases;
• Use all possible therapies, including T-cell vaccination;
• Have day and night hospitals;
• Are engaged in the development of complex treatment programs.

It is in these specialized institutions that blood purification procedures are performed. The patient is injected with a needle into the vein. During manipulation the patient can watch TV, listen to the radio, read a book or magazine, talk on the phone. An atmosphere of calm and relaxation is created.

After manipulation, the arm is bandaged so that the hematoma does not form at the puncture site, the patient remains under observation for 1-2 hours. Then he can leave the clinic. The duration of the procedure and the required amount is determined by the treating specialist, controlling the laboratory performance in dynamics.

Reviews

According to feedback, this procedure is very difficult, but the result is worth it. Pass the pain in the joints with arthritis. Reports of positive results and people with inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusion

Methods of purifying blood use innovative modern technologies, however, because of the high cost of some procedures, they are not used universally. In countries abroad, hemocorrection is more widespread and widely known manipulation, which allows to restore health and maintain a high level of its indicators.