Exhibition, the Museum. Pushkin. Exhibition of paintings in the Pushkin Museum

At the end of the 19th century, the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts held a competition related to the design of the building for the Museum of Fine Arts. Emperor Alexander the Third. This gave rise to the realization of the dream of creating in the capital an art educational institution of this type.

Occurrence

At that time, there was an office in Moscow University containing some ancient values: a numismatic collection, antique vases, casts from antique sculpture and a small special library. On the basis of all this, a museum arises. In 1889-1890 this department, under the supervision of IV Tsvetaeva, undergoes some changes. The sculptural section and library are developing. Gypsum prints, mock-ups, galvanic copies acquire special significance. In this regard, the Museum of Fine Arts is transformed into an educational and public institution, whose unified scientific program includes acquaintance with the main centuries-old periods of history.

First of all, there is a formation of collections of unique works of graphics, painting, and applied art. VS Golischev, a Russian orientalist scholar, possessed a fine collection of unusual objects of culture of Ancient Egypt. Later it is acquired by the state and then, thanks to Tsvetaeva's insistence, passes to the Museum (1909-1911), which becomes one with the owners of the outstanding values of the Ancient East.

Some connoisseurs of beauty and owners of unique things that have come down to us from past times have contributed to the establishment and expansion of this institution. MS Shchekin, a Russian diplomat, gives the Museum the objects of decorative art of the 13th-15th centuries. And works of Italian painting. Excellent Italian sculptures of the seventeenth century were given to Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fedorovna and DA Khomyakov, whose father was a famous Slavophile. Archaeologist A. A. Bobrinsky donated chandeliers, watches and other samples of French artistic casting. Golenishchev's nephew presented a collection of graphics of old Russian and European masters.

Beginning of work

The opening of the Museum of Fine Arts solemnly took place on the last May day of 1912. The honorary guests of the ceremony were Nikolay the Second and Empress Maria Feodorovna. The first director, who led the museum from 1911 until his death, was appointed IV Tsvetaev. This institution immediately gained popularity among the broad masses. Attendance was very high: up to 800 people on weekdays, 2500 - on holidays and on weekends. The bulk of visitors consisted of teachers and students of gymnasiums, Higher Women's Courses, People's University. A. L. Shanyavsky, Moscow Archaeological Institute. The museum's assets were not ignored by artists and members of the clergy. Students came here for classes, and for those who wanted to get acquainted with the culture of that time, excursions were conducted.

Filling capacity

For several years (until 1930), works of Western European art are being transferred from the nationalized estates of Moscow and various museums (icon painting and painting of Ostroukhov, Historical and Kremlin institutions), from the Tretyakov Gallery. Several paintings presented the Hermitage and shared his collection of the Leningrad Foundation. The old center of the art gallery was the work of old Western masters. The ancient Eastern collection contained more than a thousand cuneiform tablets and three thousand other monuments of that time.

Changes

In 1932 this institution was renamed and given the name of the State Museum of Fine Arts, and five years later it was named AS Pushkin. During the war with the German invaders, most of the collection was sheltered in Novosibirsk and Solikamsk. The building itself suffered from bombing and shelling. In 1944 the Pushkin Museum began to be restored.

Development

In the middle of the 20th century the State Museum of New Western Art (GMNZI) was closed. In this regard, his collection is divided between the metropolitan and Leningrad repositories. The Pushkin Museum is replenished with picturesque (about 300) and sculptural (more than 80) works by masters of the 19th and 20th centuries of the East and America. It is enriched by collections of graphics and archives. The work of the French post-impressionists also included a new exhibition. The Museum. Pushkin received them at one time from the capital's collectors. They were IA Morozov and SI Shchukin. Thanks to this receipt, the Pushkin Museum becomes the owner of masterpieces known to the whole world. For the masses, the collection has been available since 1953, when some of the works become permanent art elements of the Picture Gallery. For 20 years there have been changes in the entire structure of the exhibition, and only then people were able to fully enjoy the works of painting and sculpture from past gatherings.

Next stage

For 4 years (1949-1953) a special exhibition was presented. The Museum. Pushkin showed a collection of gifts to Stalin. But then, renewing, a permanent exhibition opens, gaining more and more scope. Within the walls of the building passed more than 1200 shows, exhibiting works of the institution itself and borrowed from domestic and foreign collections. 1955 became a landmark in the cultural life of the capital. At this time there is a unique exhibition of paintings in the Pushkin Museum. The institution shows the masterpieces of the Dresden Gallery. At one time, Soviet soldiers saved it from destruction. Later the collection was restored in the walls of the institution under the watchful eye of PD Korin. This was the first art exhibition brought to the territory of Russia during the war. The Museum. Pushkin kept this treasure. This became possible thanks to the diligence of the staff of the institution.

Fine Arts Museum. Pushkin. Exhibitions

The modern Pushkin Museum consists of four types of exposition:

1. A sculptural and architectural combination of casts. They have somewhat changed during the university stage, which survived the Pushkin Museum (Moscow). Exhibitions include sculptures of the Near East, Middle Ages, monuments of the Italian and Northern Renaissance.
2. The section of art and culture of ancient civilizations in the original. This includes items from the excavations conducted by the staff of the institution.
3. Gallery of paintings of the 8-20 century. It is represented by works of old European masters, Byzantine icons, ancient mosaics. At the same time, you can see modern works by foreign artists and sculptors. This exhibition is specially constructed. The Museum. Pushkin presented the exhibition in such a way as to show the change of whole epochs and directions of different schools.
4. The Department of Personal Collections collected various items with integrity and with careful attention to the individuality of each collector.

Modernity

Today, in the building that the Pushkin Museum occupies, there is a huge amount (670,000) of works of sculpture and painting, applied art, graphic works, numismatics and archeology, and art photography. Represented in the institution and a handwritten exhibition. The Pushkin Museum stores documentary information related to its history, the scientific and epistolary heritage of its founder and other cultural and creative people. Thanks to its own scientific and restoration workshop, the Pushkin Museum can restore damaged art monuments. He can be proud of a special scientific library as one of the best in the capital. Since 1991 the Museum occupies the place of the most valuable object of the cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia in the State Arch.