Endometrium by the day of the cycle within the limits of the norm and in case of deviation from it

Endometrial called mucous membrane inside the uterus. It consists of two layers: functional and basal. The functional layer is a structure that changes with the ovarian cycle and which reacts to the concentration of hormones in the woman's body. The basal layer has a constant thickness and structure, it consists of stem cells responsible for the restoration of both layers. Endometrium is increased by the days of the cycle and it is due to its growth that menstruation occurs, which is considered an important indicator of women's health.

Internal layer thickness

Speaking figuratively, the growth of the endometrium on the days of the cycle is to ensure that in this cavity comfortably located fertilized egg. If conception does not occur, then the functional layer is separated to recover again after menstruation. In the period of menstruation, the epithelial membrane is only 0.3-0.9 mm thick. If a woman has menopause, the thickness of the endometrium should not be more than five mm. Even a slight deviation from this norm is a sufficient reason for regular examinations in a gynecologist.

Endometrium by the day of the cycle within the limits of the norm (changes)

1. The phase of initial proliferation (5-7th day of the cycle) is no more than 5 mm thick.
2. Average proliferation (8-10th day) - the endometrium thickens to 8 mm.
3. Late proliferation (11-14th day) - up to 11 mm.
4. The phase of secretion (15-18 day) - the growth continues and reaches 11-12 mm.
5. The endometrium on the 21st day of the cycle reaches a maximum thickness of 14 mm.
6. By the 24-27th day, the endometrium becomes slightly thinner - an average of 10 mm.

Deviations from the norm

If the endometrium on the days of the cycle increases below the norm, then the diagnosis is "hypoplasia." The cause of such a violation may be hormonal disorders, inflammatory processes or insufficient blood supply in the uterus. Also, the thickness of the endometrium is affected by frequent abortions, infectious processes, pelvic organs disease and the use of an intrauterine device for a long time. In most cases, hypoplasia becomes the cause of infertility. In order to restore the thickness of the endometrium, physiotherapeutic procedures are used, large doses of estrogen or aspirin are prescribed in a low dosage. If the thickness of the mucosa has increased to normal, but pregnancy does not occur within two years, then, as a rule, treatment stops and a decision is made about the need for in vitro fertilization.

If the endometrium by the day of the cycle increases more than the norm, then in this case it is a question of hyperplasia. The causes of this disease, as in the case of hypoplasia, lie in the violation of the hormonal level. There may also be a hereditary factor. Excessive thickening of the endometrium is also diagnosed in diseases of the thyroid gland, ovaries, adrenals. Hyperplasia is often found in women who suffer from hypertension, diabetes, uterine polyps, myoma.

Hyperplasia is dangerous because of uncontrolled cell growth, which can cause endometrial cancer. The excessive thickness of the changing layer of the endometrium and the fertility ability are reflected. For the treatment of hyperplasia medication is prescribed, or in some cases, surgical intervention is used.