Elements of the book. The book's end is what?

In today's world, there are a lot of gadgets. Paper books replaced electronic pages on monitors. However, books that smell of new paper still remain popular. Moreover, the prices for them never go down. This is due to the energy costs that go into the production of books.

What does the book consist of?

Books are created according to a generally accepted pattern. Elements of the design of the book are the same, but most of them are visible only to people who have polygraphic knowledge.

So, if you take the book in your hands, you immediately feel the binding - the outer shell. Sometimes it is covered with a super-cloth - of thick paper. Such an element protects the book from contamination.

On the left side there is a spine. He holds the pages of the book block. Damage to the root leads to the loss of books.

Some publishers decorate the book with an additional element - liasse (this is a ribbon or rope that plays the role of a bookmark).

The function of the decoration is made by the captal - the thickened colored edge of the braid, glued to the spine.

Book end

This is a special element of the book. It connects two important components - a book block of sheets directly with a binding. The book in the book is two. One - at the beginning, the second - at the end.

The flyer of the book is the most important part, which performs a lot of important functions for the readers:

1. Gives the product an aesthetically pleasing appearance. Most of the books are sewn together, but readers should not see the thread and root from the wrong side.

2. Personal signature. Some well-known authors arrange autograph sessions and meetings with readers. It is pleasant to have a favorite author's book, but it's even more pleasant if it has a signature or a wish.

3. Reference data. This is characteristic of the end of the textbooks. Basic reference information, summarized on the fly leaf, helps quickly find the necessary rule or word. There is no need to turn a few dozen pages.

Thus, the end of the book is one of the most significant components. It is worth noting that in the word "flyleaf" the stress falls on the first syllable. It is motionless, so there can be no variants of pronunciation.

The book inside

So, the book is open, the binding, the spine and the flyleaf are studied. What is the design of the book inside?

The very first sheet is called the title page. Basic information is indicated here. Above the title page you can find information about the author, about the book itself (title and subtitle, where the genre is specified, the book number, if it is a series, etc.). Below is information about the publisher - name, year and city.

Then you can see the output of the book. If it is used for an abstract or a scientific paper, then these data in the list of literature are indicated exactly in the form in which they are written in the book. The output contains information on the title page. The total number of sheets is added to it.

As a rule, an abstract is placed under the output data . This is a brief reference about the genre, about the author, about the plot, etc. The abstract is needed to help the reader determine whether the book is interesting to him or not.

These are the main elements. They are in every book. Some books have additional components. This can be an avanthicular (a sheet located before the title page), a frontispiece (an illustration with a portrait of the author, brief biographical data), etc.

Technology of making books. Initial stages

The best way to find out how books are done is to visit the printing house with a tour. However, before the book enters the press, it goes through the following stages:

1. Writing. The first thing a writer or an author handles a manuscript to a publishing house. However, this does not mean that the book will go on sale. The editor carefully studies the manuscript. If he liked it, the publishing house begins to make this book.

2. Processing. In the publishing house a whole team is working on the book, consisting of editors, proofreaders, and word-makers. The original layout is compiled: pages, numbering, abstract, book end. This is quite a painstaking job.

3. Printing. After processing the book is sent to the printing house. It should be noted that it is not printed on a page-by-page basis (imagine how much it would take time), but whole blocks. The result is a whole bundle of paper, which is to be collected in a book.

Manufacturing technology. Final stages

The main pages are printed. Now let's look at how books make each sheet to be well-fixed:

1. Assembly. Of course, this process has not been performed manually for a long time. This is done by folding machines. The machine folds the sheets in such a way that they are arranged in order.

2. Binding. This is the final stage of the book. The book block is connected to the binding, and the book is ready.

Standard classification

The most famous types of binding are soft, hard and leather. Let's consider them in more detail:

1. Soft binding. This kind of binding involves gluing the book block to the cover with the help of ordinary glue. This method is suitable for books of small thickness. Flexible cardboard is used for the cover.

2. Hardcover books. Used for classic publications that are stored for a long time and do not lose their popularity. For the cover, solid cardboard is used, which is sometimes finished with a cloth. The back of the book is carefully sewn.

3. Leather binding. This binding is suitable for expensive, gift editions. It is considered unique.

Making a book is a laborious, laborious, but interesting process.