Education in Kazakhstan: the stages of training

Education in Kazakhstan is a permanent educational and training process that promotes the development of professional and moral qualities of citizens of the country. What are the features of education in the country, what grants and scholarships exist and how are foreigners trained? We will answer all questions in this publication.

Features of the education system in Kazakhstan

The education system in Kazakhstan is structured in such a way that educational programs in the country are divided into two types: professional and general. In addition, there are several levels. So, education is preschool, secondary, higher and postgraduate, or, as it is also called, postgraduate.

Secondary education in the republic (Kazakhstan)

All citizens of the country must necessarily get a secondary education. There are also several levels. In the concept of secondary education include general, primary and secondary vocational (or secondary vocational). The school accepts children from six to seven years. Secondary education has three levels: primary school (from first to fourth grade), basic (from the fifth to the ninth grade) and the senior (the tenth and eleventh classes). The most gifted students can study under special programs in educational institutions designed for gifted children, where they can most fully reveal their potential.

As for primary vocational education, the period for receiving it usually lasts from two to three years, and young people receive it in a professional lyceum or school (already on the basis of the general average). Colleges and schools are designed for three or four courses.

Higher education in Kazakhstan

To obtain higher education, you must first graduate from school, college or college. Applicants enter after passing the final and entrance examinations in the form of a single standardized testing, which was called the UNT. Those who have completed secondary education before innovation can write another job. In their case, it is necessary to take a comprehensive test. Citizens of the republic can receive an international scholarship called "Bolashak" after successfully passing the competition, which opens the possibility of getting an education abroad. When a student graduates, he becomes a bachelor (a bachelor's degree lasts four years), a specialist (five years), or a master (six years). The second higher education in Kazakhstan can be obtained only on the basis of a contract. At the same time, training takes place at an accelerated pace, in two or three years.

The leading universities are the Eurasian National University, KazNU. Al-Farabi, Karaganda State University and many others. Other

Postgraduate education

In order to obtain professional postgraduate training, Kazakhstanis must be specialists or masters. Such training is divided into postgraduate study, assistant and doctoral studies. Residents of the country can be awarded an international scholarship after successfully passing the competition, which they can spend on receiving education abroad. Graduate students study no more than 4 years, assistants - no more than 3 years, and the doctorate lasts, as a rule, three years.

Scholarships and grants

According to the legislation of Kazakhstan, all citizens can get secondary and primary vocational education free of charge, and already after the competition passes grants for free secondary vocational, higher and postgraduate education (if this is the first education). There is also a system of state loans. Such educational loans are also issued on the basis of a competition. This takes into account the points of the certificate, which is issued after passing the testing of UNT. Grants can be received on the basis of preferential selection by those who won in the republican Olympiads and higher competitions.

Education for foreigners

Foreigners who live permanently in Kazakhstan can receive education in the same way as citizens of the republic. This is approved by the country's legislative base, a number of international treaties, etc. Education in Kazakhstan is constantly evolving, the system is being improved in accordance with the requirements of the time. However, the right to free education and the possibility of receiving state scholarships remains the fundamental factor for both citizens of the country, as well as for foreigners and persons who do not have citizenship.

Historical reference

The year of the formation of Kazakhstan as a separate state became the starting point at the beginning of the reform of the educational system in the country.

At the beginning of the 20th century, most of the children studied in a madrassa, where the study concerned only religious issues and was rather limited. Before the revolution of 1917 there were only a few schools with Kazakh and Russian languages of instruction. During the Soviet era, the situation changed. The year of foundation of the Republic of Kazakhstan already as an independent state initiated the thorough reforms in this area.

At the beginning of the 1990s, there were about 8,500 secondary schools in the country, where more than 3 million children were enrolled. At the same time, about 272,000 students were engaged in 61 higher education institutions in Kazakhstan (of which about 54 percent are Kazakhs and 31 percent are Russians).

In 1995, in accordance with the Constitution of the state, secondary education became officially obligatory. Higher educational institutions began to accept applicants on the basis of competition.

The international cooperation

Education, science of the Republic of Kazakhstan are developing under state and international control and patronage. This applies to secondary schools and universities.

In 2000, the authorities of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan sent their activities to the organization of an international institute. It should have been called the University of Central Asia and become the first institution in the world practice of this kind. It was assumed that the organization will have three campuses, and the corps in Kazakhstan was built near the capital.

In 2003, the Asian Development Bank allocated $ 600,000 to the state for technical support. With Kazakhstan in the sphere of education, the members of the Peace Corps also cooperated as representatives of an organization of a non-governmental nature.

2006 was the year of the visit to the country of Condoleezza Rice. In her speech on the visit to schools and higher educational institutions of the republic, she noted their high level. According to her, this should be a factor in the successful development of the state.

Languages of instruction in Kazakhstan

According to statistics released in 2009, out of more than 2.5 million children enrolled in public secondary schools, the Kazakh language of instruction has chosen about 60 percent, Russian - about 35 percent, and Uzbek - 3 percent. The total number of schools where teaching is conducted in the state language is currently growing.

Thus, in October 2009, more than 60% of schoolchildren and 48% of university students studied in Kazakh.

The Minister of Education of Kazakhstan noted in 2010 that Russian secondary schools are not specifically closed by the state. And only the schoolboy's parents can choose which school should be given to children. At the same time, the Minister of Education also stressed that the Russian language of instruction remains in about 30% of secondary schools, and this figure is actually far from small.

Since 2010, the study of the history of the country in Kazakh schools is officially only in Kazakh.

Already in 2011, statistics showed that the number of university students who study in the state language is more than 300 thousand (this is more than 50% of students).

The young people of the country have the motivation to study native Kazakh is that it gives a pass to receive grants for education, promotes career advancement, including in government and legal practice.

Most of the citizens of the republic, except for the state language, are also taught in Russian. However, there are several types of national schools. They can be Tajik, Uzbek and Uighur. At the same time, their graduates can choose which language to pass a single test. But the choice can be made only in favor of Russian or Kazakh.

Statistics in 2014 confirms the thesis that in schools and universities students in the amount of more than 50% choose the state language. This speaks in favor of popularizing the Kazakh language in the education system.