Drilling artesian well: technology. Permission to drill an artesian well

Drilling an artesian well involves the creation of a pressure pit, which reaches the line of location of aquiferous limestones. Artesian springs are located at a depth of 20-200 mm and have a water of surprising purity.

Getting permission

If you intend to create a well that will have a depth limited to 5 m, then you can work without obtaining permits. In this case, you will reach a free-flowing horizon. But the use of artesian water in their own needs presupposes the need for permission. This permission to drill an artesian well is a license, and in order to become its owner, it is necessary to collect documents, including: a lease agreement for a site, a cadastral plan, and a general situational development plan. The next step is to determine the volume of water consumption. The obtained figures are provided to the water resources department , only after that Russian supervision checks out the organization of the sanitary zone of the first belt near the well in a certain area. Then you can proceed to obtaining an opinion on the design of the object. This document can be obtained at the State Conservation Monitoring Center. All the papers are submitted to the Department of Subsoil Use, where after and it will be possible to obtain a license. With it, a person turns to a development organization. After completion of the work, the well is registered.

Features of the device wells

The drilling of an artesian well can be done according to one of several existing options. The choice will be affected by several factors, among them:

• The required productivity (these parameters will depend on the technical features of the pumping unit and the diameter of the casing used in operation);
• Geological features of the territory.

If it is supposed to be engaged in the creation of a well, whose productivity does not exceed 5 m ³ / h, then, as a rule, pumps Ø100 mm are used. While a capacity not exceeding 3 m ³ / hr indicates the need to use a pump Ø75 mm.

Varieties of artesian wells

Drilling an artesian well of the classical type is used when the pressure in the aquifer is good enough, and limestone is devoid of clay deposits and sand lenses. In this case, the upper layers must be normal.

Casing should be brought to the upper line of the aquifer. Afterwards, an open-type barrel with a diameter that is less than this characteristic of the casing is arranged in the limestone. Through this hole water penetrates into the well. The pump is located below the rising water level by 10 m. However, it is located in the casing.

Drilling an artesian borehole of a double casing type is used when the aquifer is devoid of pressure. This option is also excellent for the case when the upper layers of limestone have sandy lenses or some inclusions of clay. By equipping the well, the masters bring the first pipe to the limestone line, while the second is located in the layer itself, it should have a less impressive diameter.

The drilling of artesian wells may involve supplying them with a conductor. This technology is used where the upper layers interfere with drilling, but the water in the aquifer is under pressure. Such a system hardly differs from a conventional well, but, as mentioned, has a conductor. This additional element is represented by a pipe with a larger diameter than this characteristic of the casing.

Alternative method of well construction

Drilling artesian wells can be made by moving to pipes with a less impressive diameter. Such work can be done with normal upper layers that have loose sands, stones, etc. The aquifers must be distinguished by impressive pressure, while limestone should be checked for clay and sand deposits. Up to a complex site, a pipe of a normal diameter is held, but through the problem zones a pipe with a smaller diameter. It installs the pump.

Selecting the location for the installation of the well

Before the drilling of artesian wells into water, it is necessary to determine their location. It is important to designate both the equipment installation point and the technical fluid drain zone. The work area is selected taking into account that it is closer to the input point. This will be affected by the length of trenches, pipes and the feature of the device.

For works it will be necessary to allocate an equal territory, the dimensions of which will be limited to 4х12 m. In a radius of 2 m, electric lines should not be located. The working area is to be fenced off.

Drilling work

The technology of drilling an artesian well suggests, at the first stage, the destruction of the soil, its lifting, strengthening of the walls, the installation of pipes and pumps. The drilling process itself is carried out by mobile installations through roller cutter bits. The work is carried out in parallel with washing the solution. This method helps to destroy even rocks.

As soon as the upper sandy-clay layer is passed and limestone is reached, a casing string of pipes is installed on the latter, which makes it possible to avoid shedding of the walls. After that, a bit of a less impressive diameter runs through the limestone aquifer. At the same time, the soil is removed relentlessly, and the production column is inserted inside. When the absorption of the wash solution reaches the required value, the master beats off the water level. If necessary, at this stage, the borehole can be cased in a limestone with a pipe of a smaller diameter.

It is very difficult to produce such works independently, if not to say that it is completely impossible. It is necessary to have experience and appropriate equipment. While professionals carry out the drilling process in the shortest possible time, ensuring the quality of water.