Diorama "Sevastopol". The heroic defense of Sevastopol. Diorama "Sevastopol": how to get

A diorama called "Assault of the Sapun Mountain on May 7, 1944" Is a branch of the National Museum of Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol. It is located 12 km from the central part of the city.

How does Diorama (Sevastopol) work? How to get to it?

The object is on Sapun Mountain. You can get to the monument by bus from Malakhov Hill. Schedule: daily from 9:00 to 17:00, except Monday. The ticket office is open until 16:30. In the period from July to August, when thousands of tourists travel to Sevastopol, Diorama, whose photo is presented in the article, works seven days a week from 5:00 to 17:30. You can buy a ticket at the ticket office before 17:00.

Historical events

1941-1942 - the time when the heroic defense of Sevastopol passed . The city was liberated in May 1944. Fierce fighting unfolded on the Sapun Mountain. Until now, this place holds the historical landscape of those events. Even today, traces of trenches dug by soldiers and trenches, long-term defensive points, deep funnels from bombs and shells, covered with green fresh grass, are clearly distinguishable here. Numerous monuments and obelisks that are part of the Memorial Complex of National Importance, dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War, have found their refuge on Sapun Mountain. The first monuments in honor of the liberators of Sevastopol were established here by military architects and builders as early as the spring of 1944. At the request of veterans to the 15th anniversary of the liberation of the city from the Nazi invaders, a picturesque monument - a diorama was created. The defense of Sevastopol is an indicator of the courage and courage of Soviet soldiers. Memory of this will remain in our history forever.

Creating a composition

Responsible task for writing a painting was the Moscow studio of military artists. M.B. Grekova. Executive work began in 1958, the creative group of P.T. Maltsev, which also included NS. Prisekin and GI. Marchenko. To create a realistic work, the master of fine arts met with the participants in the battles at Sapun Mountain, carefully studied the events of those times, made numerous sketches, sketches and sketches of the terrain. On the creation of a figurative canvas measuring 5.5 x 25.2 m and a front subject plan with a total area of 83 square meters. M. Artists took 7 months.

Diorama (Sevastopol) was inaugurated on November 4, 1959. It was the first composition of such a large size that Soviet masters of fine art had ever worked on before. Its authors aspired to convey with full fullness the realism of the events described. For this purpose, the figures of people were written in natural human growth, and the front subject plan is made up of genuine equipment, uniforms, weapons, parts of engineering structures collected from the battlefield. The canvas of the diorama depicts the exploits of real soldiers who participated in the defense of Sevastopol. To convey their portrait resemblance, the artists used documentary photographs in their work. They were also posed by sitters with a similar appearance, or even the heroes of the war that had been wrecked.

Memorial Complex

Diorama (Sevastopol) is located in the building at the very top of the Sapun Mountain, exactly where the events described by it occurred. From the balcony, located on the outside of the building, visitors can see a familiar view of the area, captured by the artists on the canvas. On the ground floor, before getting acquainted with the picturesque composition, visitors can see the unique museum exposition called "Sevastopol in the Second World War".

Near the building you can see another important component of the memorial complex. Here visitors will see an open exposition of military equipment, which took part in real battles. Diorama (Sevastopol) is surrounded by tanks, naval and field artillery, anti-aircraft and self-propelled installations, as well as the famous Guards mortars Katyusha. The dominant feature of the Sapun-Gora memorial complex is the 28-meter high Obelisk of Glory, at the foot of which, since 1970, the Eternal Flame has been constantly burning .

"Defense of Sevastopol"

During the war and post-war years, many works were created in honor of the victory over fascism, perpetuating the memory of the dead soldiers. Diorama (Sevastopol) is one of the largest memorial complexes dedicated to the events of 1941-1945. Many artists also depicted in their canvases fragments of that terrible war.

The outstanding painter Alexander Deineka wrote: "Great art is born as a result of a great natural feeling, and it can be not only joy, but also anger." It is these feelings - deep hatred and anger towards the enemy - that breathe his pictures "The Defense of Sevastopol" and "On the Outskirts of Moscow" written during the Great Patriotic War. This is the complete opposite of his early creativity, imbued with enthusiasm, solemn joy for the success of Soviet technology progress, belief in a healthy spirit in a healthy body and a full sense of peace. "Defense of Sevastopol" - the famous work of A.A. Deineka, written in Moscow in 1942. Currently, the canvas is represented in the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.

Historical background

Based on historical data, we can assume that in the picture AA. Deineka depicts the events of Sevastopol in the autumn of 1941, because in this year, from October 30 to November 21, the Nazis conducted the first assault on the city. At first, battles were fought on the long routes of approach to Sevastopol, and from November 2 the attack of the defensive fortress began. And since there were no more army in the city, the Marine Corps of the Black Sea Fleet, separate units with the use of fire support for the ships, took over the defense of Sevastopol. In battle, coastal batteries took part.

Events pictured

During the time of the Great Patriotic Army, 3 attempts were made to take Sevastopol. The last battle for this city ended July 9, 1942. And despite the fact that the picture depicted by AA. Deineka, is not really reliable, on the embankment of the city of Sevastopol, hundreds of such fights have unfolded. The author was able to convey the soldier's heroism, depicting on the canvas a great feat of marines who sacrificed their own lives for the sake of protecting the city.

Description

Creating the canvas "Defense of Sevastopol", the artist seems to tell the audience a sad, cruel story. In it, he describes the battle that unfolded on the embankment, in which Soviet sailors obscure the approach to the city of the enemy detachment. In the distance one can see the ruins of once standing houses, the fire is all around. In the foreground of the picture is a wounded sailor who throws a bundle of grenades. His face is resolute and fearless, his hands are sharply extended to the sides, legs are widely spaced. The pose of the sailor represents all inaccessibility, selflessness and readiness to stop the enemy at any cost. To make the picture realistic, AA. Deineka depicted the central figure of the soldier with a shift to the left corner, leaving the space for the flight of grenades. Executed by the greatness of the sailor makes the last desperate cast, giving the entire composition vigor and drama. To transfer the threat and pressure of the approaching enemy troops, the author uses a special method - protruding blade bayonets from rifles.

It is no accident that the artist depicts a lying fascist at the soldier's feet disproportionately small in comparison with the main character of the picture. Thus, Deineka speaks of the weakness and helplessness of the enemy in the face of the Soviet army. "Defense of Sevastopol" is not just a reproduction of an episode of military operations, but first of all a symbolic image of a clash of Soviet heroes in snow-white clothes with a dark, almost faceless mass of invaders. Deineka's canvas, like the works of many other artists, immortalized the memory of the heroes of the Second World War, who took part in fierce battles and gave their lives for the freedom of their country.