Developing and educational purpose of the lesson

The problem of the purposefulness of human activity can not be called new. Each work should be done to obtain a certain result. The goal is a factor determining the nature and way of carrying out activities, methods and means of achieving it. The lesson is the basic form of pedagogical activity. Its result is a backbone element. In practice, different goals of the lesson are realized : educational, developmental, educational. Consider them.

general characteristics

The triple goal of the lesson is the result pre-programmed by the teacher. It must be achieved both by themselves and children. The key word here is the "triune". In spite of the fact that the 3 objectives of the lesson are being singly allocated - developing, educational, cognitive, they are not achieved separately or in stages. When they receive a planned result, they appear simultaneously. The teacher's task is to correctly formulate a common goal and design the means to achieve it.

The cognitive aspect

All the objectives of the lesson - educational, developmental, educational - are realized in close unity. Their achievement involves the implementation of certain rules. When implementing the cognitive aspect of the activity, the teacher should:

1. To teach the child to extract information (knowledge). For this, the teacher must have sufficient methodological training and the ability to form and develop the activity of children.
2. Provide depth, strength, efficiency, flexibility, systematic, awareness and completeness of knowledge.
3. Promote the formation of skills. Children should develop precise, unmistakable actions, which, due to repeated repetition, are brought to automaticity.
4. To promote the formation of skills. They are a complex of skills and knowledge that ensure the effective implementation of activities.
5. To contribute to the formation of super-subject, key competencies. Speech, in particular, about the complex of skills, knowledge, semantic orientations, experience, skills of children in relation to a specific range of objects of reality.

Nuances

) зачастую ставятся в самом общем виде. The objectives of the lesson (teaching, developing, educational ) are often put in the most general form. Let's say "learn the rule," "get an idea of the law," and so on. It is worth saying that in such formulations the teacher's goal is expressed more. By the end of the session, it is quite difficult to ensure that all children come to the achievement of such results. In this regard, it is useful to take into account the opinion of the teacher Palamarchuk. She believes that when planning the cognitive aspect of the activity, it is necessary to specify the level of skills, knowledge, skills that are proposed to be achieved. He can be creative, constructive, reproductive.

Educational and developmental goals of the lesson

These aspects are considered the most difficult for the teacher. When they are planned, the teacher almost always faces difficulties. This is due to several reasons. First of all, the teacher often seeks to plan a new developmental goal in each lesson, forgetting that education and upbringing are much faster. The independence of the formation of personality is very relative. It is realized mainly as a result of the correct organization of upbringing and education. From this follows the conclusion. A developmental goal can be formulated to several lessons, pursuing a whole topic or section. The second reason for the difficulties is the teacher's insufficient knowledge of the pedagogical and psychological spheres directly related to the personality structure and those aspects of it that need to be improved. Development should be carried out in a complex and concern:

1. Speeches.
2. Thinking.
3. The sensory sphere.
4. Motor activity.

Speech

Its development involves performing work on complicating and enriching the stock of words, the semantic function of the language, and strengthening the communicative characteristics. Children must possess expressive means and artistic images. The teacher should always remember that the formation of speech is an indicator of the child's overall and intellectual development.

Thinking

Within the framework of achieving the developmental goal, the educator in the course of his activity forms and contributes to the improvement of logical skills:

1. Analyze.
2. Determine the main thing.
3. Match.
4. To build analogies.
5. To generalize, systematize.
6. Refute and prove.
7. Define and clarify concepts.
8. Put the problem and solve it.

Each of these skills has a certain structure, techniques and operations. For example, the teacher sets the developing goal to form the ability to compare. During 3-4 lessons, such thinking operations should be created , in which children identify objects for comparison, identify key characteristics and indicators of comparison, establish differences and similarities. Training skills in the end will ensure the development of the ability to compare. As noted psychologist Kostyuk, in pedagogical activity it is necessary to determine the nearest goal. It presupposes that children acquire specific knowledge, skills and abilities. It is also important to see the long-term result. It, in fact, is the development of schoolchildren.

Additionally

The formation of the sensory sphere is associated with the development of orientation in the terrain and in time, the eye, the fineness and accuracy of distinguishing colors, shadows, light. Children also develop the ability to differentiate shades of speech, sounds, forms. As for the motor sphere, its development is connected with the regulation of muscular work. The result in this case is the formation of the ability to manage your movements.

Educational goals, lesson tasks

Before talking about them, you need to pay attention to an important fact. Really developing training is always educative. Here it is quite appropriate to say that to bring up and teach is like a "zipper" on a jacket. Two sides are tightened simultaneously and firmly by the movement of the castle - a creative thought. She is the main one in the class. If during the training the teacher constantly attracts children to active cognition, gives them the opportunity to solve problems independently, forms group work skills, then not only development but also upbringing takes place. The lesson allows you to influence the formation of a variety of personal qualities through various methods, means, forms. предполагает формирование правильного отношения к общепринятым ценностям, нравственных, экологических, трудовых, эстетических качеств индивида. The educational goal of the lesson assumes the formation of a correct attitude towards the universally accepted values, moral, ecological, labor, aesthetic qualities of the individual.

Specificity

During the lesson, a certain line of influence on the behavior of children is formed. This is ensured by the creation of a system of relations between an adult and a child. предполагает формирование запланированных реакций детей на явления окружающей жизни. Shchurkova says that the educational goal of the lesson involves the formation of planned reactions of children to the phenomena of the surrounding life. The circle of relations is quite wide. This determines the scale of the educational goal. Meanwhile, the relationship is quite mobile. . From the class to the lesson, the teacher sets one, second, third, and so on, the educational goal of the lesson . Becoming a relationship is not a momentary phenomenon. This requires a certain period. Accordingly, the teacher's attention to educational tasks and goals should be permanent.

Objects

At the lesson the student interacts:

1. With other people. All the qualities through which the attitude towards others are reflected should be formed and improved by the teacher, regardless of the subject matter. The reaction to "other people" is expressed through courtesy, kindness, friendship, honesty. Humanity is an integral concept of all qualities. The paramount task of the teacher is the formation of humane interactions.
2. With myself. Attitude towards yourself is expressed by such qualities as pride, modesty, responsibility, exactingness, discipline and accuracy. They act as an external manifestation of the moral relations that have developed within a person.
3. With the society and the collective. The attitude of the child to them is expressed in a sense of duty, diligence, responsibility, tolerance, the ability to empathize. In these qualities, the reaction to classmates is more evident. Through careful attitude to school property, working capacity, sense of justice expresses self-awareness as a member of society.
4. With the workflow. The child's attitude to work is expressed through such qualities as responsibility in the performance of tasks, concentration, discipline.
5. With the Fatherland. Attitude towards the Motherland is manifested through participation in its problems, personal responsibility and conscientiousness.

Recommendations

Beginning to determine the objectives of the lesson, the teacher:

1. Examines the requirements for the system of skills and knowledge, program indicators.
2. Defines the methods of work that need to master the student.
3. Establishes value orientations that promote the personal interest of the child as a result.

General rules

Formulation of the goal allows you to organize the work of children in the final form. It also provides guidance for their activities. The goal should be clear. Due to this the teacher can determine the course of the forthcoming activity and the level of mastering the knowledge. There are several stages:

1. Performance.
2. Knowledge.
3. Skills and abilities.
4. Creation.

The teacher should set such goals, in the achievement of which he is sure. Accordingly, the diagnosis of the results should be carried out. If necessary, goals in groups with weak students should be adjusted.

Requirements

Goals should be:

1. Clearly formulated.
2. Understandable.
3. Achievable.
4. Verifiable.
5. Specific.

Competently expressed result of employment is only one, but extremely important element of pedagogical skill. He lays the bases for effective conduct of the session. If the goals are not formulated, or they are fuzzy, the whole scenario of the lesson is built without a logical result. Wrong forms of expression of the result are the following:

1. Learn the topic "...".
2. Expand the horizons of children.
3. To deepen knowledge on the topic "...".

These goals are vague and unverifiable. There are no criteria for their achievement. In the classroom, the teacher realizes a three-pronged goal - educates, educates, develops the child. Accordingly, formulating the final result, he carries out methodological activity.

Didactic indicators

GEF defines the levels of children's learning. Part of the material the teacher should present as a fact-finding. This will ensure the formation of children's views about events, facts. This level of assimilation is considered the first. Didactic goals can be formulated as follows:

1. Ensure that children are familiar with the methods of determining ....
2. To promote the assimilation of the concept of "...".
3. Ensure the formation of children's ideas about ....
4. To promote the creation of skills ....

The second level is the stage of retelling, knowledge. Goals can consist in providing:

1. Recognition with external support ....
2. Reproduction according to the sample / proposed algorithm ....

When formulating results at the second level, verbs such as "draw", "write", "fix", "report", "prepare", etc. can be used. The next stage is the creation of skills and abilities. Actions students do, as a rule, in the practical work. The following may serve as objectives:

1. Promotion of mastery of technique ....
2. The desire to develop skills to work with ....
3. Ensuring the systematization and synthesis of material on the topic "...".

At this level, the verbs "select", "make", "apply knowledge" can be used.

Providing skills in using the information obtained

For this, developmental goals are set. Children should be able to analyze, assess, compare, determine the main, improve memory, etc. The goals can be to create conditions for:

1. Development of thinking. The teacher contributes to the formation of skills of analysis, systematization, generalization, formulation and solution of problems, etc.
2. Development of elements of creativity. Such conditions are created under which the spatial imagination, intuition, wit is improved.
3. Development of the world outlook.
4. Forming and improving the skills of written and spoken language.
5. The development of memory.
6. Improving critical thinking, the ability to engage in dialogue.
7. Development of artistic taste and aesthetic representations.
8. Perfection of logical thinking. This is achieved on the basis of the assimilation of the cause-effect relationship, the comparative analysis.
9. Development of research culture. Perfected skills to use scientific methods (experiment, observation, hypotheses).
10. Develop the ability to formulate problems and offer solutions to their problems.

Moral Results

предполагает формирование лучших качеств в ребенке. The educational goal of the lesson assumes the formation of the best qualities in the child. Accordingly, concrete results must be planned before each session. , как выше было сказано, не должны зависеть от предмета. Examples of the educational objectives of the lesson , as mentioned above, should not depend on the subject. However, in the implementation of specific activities on a particular topic contributes to the improvement of any quality to a greater or lesser extent. Goals can be:

1. Formation of the ability to listen to others.
2. Education of curiosity, moral and aesthetic attitude to reality. This result can be obtained, in particular, during excursions, seminars, etc.
3. Formation of the ability to empathize with failures and rejoice in the successes of comrades.
4. Raising self-confidence, the need to open up the potential.
5. Formation of the ability to control one's behavior.

могут состоять в формировании уважения к Отечеству. The educational goals of the history lesson can be to form respect for the Fatherland. Within the scope of the subject, the teacher introduces children to the events that took place in the country, highlighting certain qualities of the people. Indicative in this sense is the period of the Second World War. также могут состоять в привитии уважения к Родине. The educational goals of the lesson of the Russian language can also consist in inculcating respect for the Motherland. However, within the framework of this subject, the emphasis is more on the need to develop a proper attitude to speech. связаны и с формированием умений вести диалог, прислушиваться к собеседнику. Educational objectives of the lesson of the Russian language are connected with the formation of skills to conduct a dialogue, listen to the interlocutor. Children should strive to exercise restraint in their statements.

Similar are the educational goals of the lesson of literature. In the framework of this subject, the emphasis is on a comparative analysis of the behavior of certain heroes, the formulation of their own assessment of their actions. предполагают формирование таких качеств, как сосредоточенность, усидчивость, ответственность за результат. The educational goals of the lesson of mathematics assume the formation of such qualities as concentration, perseverance, responsibility for the result. In group work, children improve their interaction skills. In particular, this is manifested when using game forms of employment. предполагает привитие детям понимания разницы между виртуальным и реальным миром. The educational goal of the computer science lesson involves educating the children about the difference between the virtual and the real world. They should realize that the actual lack of responsibility in the network does not mean that it is possible not to comply with the moral and ethical norms adopted in society.

ориентированы на привитие уважения к другой культуре. The educational goals of the English lesson are aimed at inculcating respect for another culture. When studying the characteristics of communication in another country, children form an idea of the mentality, moral values, ethical norms adopted in it. It will come in handy in the future.