Corporate systems - enterprise management systems. Basic Models

Corporate governance is a system of the highest level of management of a joint-stock company. In 1932, in the works of Berle A. and Minza G. for the first time, the following questions were considered and found:

• How to separate property from management?
• How to separate control from property?

As a result, a new layer of professional managers appeared and the stock market developed.

Corporate systems - enterprise management systems, which are aimed at the implementation of specific functions. First, they are designed to regulate the interaction between managers and business owners. Secondly, thanks to management systems, the objectives of all stakeholders are coordinated. This ensures the effective functioning of the organization.

Depending on the direction and objectives of the corporate governance system, several basic models are distinguished. We describe the main ones.

American model

American corporate systems are management systems that are characteristic of the United States, New Zealand, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. This model works with the following laws:

• Market mechanisms of corporate control or external control over the company's management are applied;
• The interests of shareholders are supported by a significant number of small investors who are separated from each other;
• The role of the stock market increases.

The German model

German corporate systems - management systems, which are based more on the application of internal methods. This model is popular in the countries of Central Europe, Scandinavian countries, less common in France and Belgium. Within its framework, the development of corporate management systems is carried out in the form of methods of self-control.

This model works with the following laws:

• The main is the principle of social interaction, when any interested party (managers, auctioneers, banks, public organizations) has the opportunity to make a joint decision;
• A weak focus on shareholder value in management and stock markets.

Corporate enterprise management systems, which rely on the German model, contribute to the fact that the company itself is able to control the results and competitiveness.

Selected models are two opposite systems. Between them, at the present time, there are a large number of national options that have placed the predominant dominance of one or another system as a foundation.

The Japanese model

This system was formed in the post-war years on the basis of financial and industrial groups. The principles on which it relies are as follows:

• The model is completely closed;
• Relies on full banking control.

Given the specific features of its functioning, little attention is paid to the problem of controlling managers.

Family model

Family corporate systems are management systems in which management is carried out by members of the same family. This model is common in all countries.

The family model differs from the others in the presence of the structure of the pyramid. Shareholders are also often attracted. But this is done in order to obtain additional capital. If, of course, there is a need. Shareholders, as a rule, do not receive a majority of votes. Despite the fact that the family connects its capital with others and shares risks with them, control belongs entirely to it. The main tools that help achieve this are:

• Presence of pyramidal structure of the group;
• Cross ownership of shares;
• Application of a double class of shares.

The model of corporate governance in Russia

This system in our country is only being formed and does not adhere to any of the forms outlined above. The basic principle is that the principle of separation of ownership and control is not recognized in the domestic system. The development of business in the future will be directed to other models of corporate governance.

Therefore, the choice of the base model will depend on the following features:

• National characteristics of a particular country and its economy;
• Tasks that face the board of directors;
• Basic mechanism for protecting shareholders' rights.

Corporate Project Management System

In order to improve the efficiency of planning and management of the company's managers, it is recommended to develop and implement the CRMS. This system is a complex, which includes methodological, organizational, software, technical and information tools.

To create it, you must have the following components:

• Regulatory and methodological support (standard);
• Technical and information support ;
• Organizational and personnel support.

The CSAC will allow managers:

• Create an optimal portfolio of projects that are oriented toward the strategic objectives of the organization;
• To analyze the implementation of the portfolio of projects, adjusting the existing deviations;
• Get an objective picture of the implementation of projects;
• Control the process of achieving the strategy, coordinating the use of company resources, timing, budgets and the overall flow of the project;
• Conduct regular audit of the company's activities and provide timely corrective actions.