Contusion - what is it? What kind of trauma can lead to it?

The pathological process can develop in any organ. No one is immune from accidents at work, automobile accidents, fights, natural disasters and wars.

Damage or injury can develop with bumps, bruises, cuts, compression, exposure to high or low temperatures, electric current, etc. Contusion - what is it? This term is used in the designation of a syndrome that occurs when a large body or organ is mechanically injured. Many people who suffered in wartime received contusion of various sites, most often - the brain.

Contusion - what is it? Causes

The term "concussion" came from the Latin word, which translates as "bruise." This means the impact of a mechanical agent, a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure, and vibration. Damage covers the whole body or some part of it, for example, it may be a concussion of the brain or eyeball. Such extensive damage often occurs with severe injuries. The reason may be a blow from a great height, squeezing organs with heavy masses (for example, stones, rocks, sand), explosions that occurred a short distance from a person.

Changing the centripetal acceleration or the medium during the fall, for example, blowing water - all this can lead to concussion. Most often such injuries are exposed to people who are in military conditions, working underground or in the mountains, at high altitude, etc.

Pathogenesis of concussion

The development of the disease depends on which particular damaging agent affected the person. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of concussion is reduced to one: compression of the body or some organ, clamping of the vessels and cavities of the body, a sharp impact of liquid media on the tissue. All this leads to irritation of the nerve receptors, which begin to send signals to the central nervous system. Barotrauma occurs with a sudden change in the pressure of the environment. It leads to disorders such as hemorrhage and damage to the middle ear due to rupture of the tympanic membrane. Sonic trauma causes changes in the organ of Corti, which are expressed in its atrophy and dystrophy. In addition to the main symptoms of concussion, local disturbances can occur in any organ and system, depending on the point of application of the damaging agent or shock wave.

Contusion - what is it? Symptoms of the disease

Manifestations of concussion can be very diverse, depending on the strength, nature, area of the lesion, and also on the human body itself. The first and main symptom is loss of consciousness. This condition can last only a few seconds (with a slight degree of concussion), but with a severe lesion it stretches for hours and even days. The main organ that is involved in the pathological process is the brain, in this connection the signs of concussion are associated with neurological symptoms and mental disorders.

With a severe degree of concussion, a person may lose hearing, vision, mental abilities, memory, and receive limb paralysis. Symptoms of disturbance of innervation depend on the organ in which it occurred. In this case, motor activity of the digestive tract may suffer, signs of a violation of the genitourinary tract appear (urinary incontinence, kidney function disorder), cardiovascular system.

Consequences of concussion

The most serious form of trauma is the contusion. The consequences of this condition are reflected in the whole body. There is a death of nerve cells in the brain, as a result of which a certain section of the central nervous system ceases to function. Depending on the part of the pathological focus, the work of this or that system is violated. The result can be either a mild disruption of the work of organs, or massive lesions that cause disorders of vital functions. In some cases, concussion can lead to a fatal outcome instantaneously. This is due to the fact that the respiratory center is depressed in the brain, and the patient does not even regain consciousness after the trauma.

Therapy

Despite the fact that the injury is very difficult, you can cure a concussion. First of all, it is necessary to help a person who is in an unconscious state (this is often the result of concussion).

Treatment should begin with checking the conductance of the airways and neat immobilization of the patient. Indirect massage of the heart is strictly prohibited, as this can aggravate the trauma of the internal organs.

Contusion - what is it? Since this condition is associated with loss of consciousness, medical personnel should monitor the functioning of vital organs. After the danger passes, you can start treatment depending on the symptoms (neurological disorders, injuries).