Colouring of trees in spring, autumn, summer (photo)

Garden grafting (collation) is a method of propagation of trees and shrubs that do not take root well in our climate or rarely transmit their qualities through seeds. In the process of inoculation, two plants are joined together in such a way that after engraftment a single organism is formed.

Having mastered the methods of collation, you can fill your garden with the best and new varieties.

Why is the tree numbering done?

Grafting allows you to combine the growth rates and endurance of the rootstock with the useful qualities of the upper part. In addition, it has other advantages:

1. All the useful qualities of the varietal tree are preserved (in the formation of seeds and pollination they are lost). Plants grown from seeds are often wild and suitable only as a stock.
2. If you take a stalk from a cultural tree , then a young tree will only be able to bear the first fruits in a few years. When vaccinating it to an already established shoot, this period is reduced by almost 2 times.
3. Colouring of trees allows you to grow even tender and very demanding varieties, not adapted to our climate, in the garden area. Thanks to the hardy root system of the stock, the plant will become more frost-resistant or drought-resistant.
4. Using a properly picked up rootstock, you can make a dwarf variety. Berries or fruits will start to rip faster, and collecting them will be much easier.
5. To obtain different fruits from one tree, experienced gardeners to one basis plant several varieties at once. In this way the place on the site is considerably saved, and the owners enjoy a variety of fruits. This method is also good for testing a new variety before it is allocated to it a separate place. You can also plant a variety that will serve for pollination.
6. In the event that a young tree has suffered from the sun, frost or rodents, a collation by the bridge will help to fix it.
7. It takes a lot of time and energy to replace trees with new ones and young ones. Toning the trees will allow you to fully update the garden in a very short time.

Compatibility of warp and scion

The success of engraftment of plants can only be if they are suitable for each other. It is very important that their biorhythms coincide, i.e. Time of rest and active sap flow. Even an experienced gardener can not successfully cross an apple tree with a cherry, rowan or plum. But the same plum can successfully flourish on genetically close to it alycha, and on cherry - cherry.

It is recommended to choose a root and a graft from one genus. And on one tree to grow summer and winter variety is extremely undesirable, as the life rhythm of a plant will be disturbed, and it may freeze in winter.

Inoculation of fruit trees in spring

Spring is considered the best time for garden work. It is during this period of time that it is recommended to vaccinate trees. For this, any method that suits you best. But it is important to remember that the inoculation is carried out by the cuticle before the buds swell, so it is better not to delay. Otherwise, the procedure will have to be postponed until the summer.

Colouring of trees in spring is the time when you can achieve maximum effect. This is what experienced gardeners use. The vaccine can be started when there are no negative temperatures at night, and in the daytime the air warms up to +10 ° C. The work ends in late May.

Before the procedure, the tree is watered abundantly, then the soil around it is loosened. This promotes penetration to the roots of oxygen, to saturate them with the necessary substances that accelerate development and growth.

Planting trees in summer

The trees are mulled in the summer from the 20th of July to the end of August. Begin it with a pear, then plant the apple tree, plum and cherry. The processing of peaches and apricots is carried out at a later date. Prefabricated material is harvested in advance. And you need to constantly monitor his condition. Grafting with already growing shoots can lead to an undesirable result.

In the first year or two after the colic, shoots are very weak, so they tie them up with a garden rope.

Inoculation of trees in autumn

Autumn in fact is difficult to call an auspicious time for carrying out the collation of trees. As a rule, during this period only material is harvested. Although, as an exception, try still worth it. But do not postpone the procedure for a long time, because you need to have work done before the frost.

The mossing of trees in autumn is carried out in a cleft. The tree, grafted during this period, can be placed in ordinary plastic bottles and stored in a cool dark place until spring. At a small temperature, the fusion occurs quite well.

Inoculation of fruit trees in winter

Sometimes the colony is occupied by the winter time of the year in the house. For this purpose, in advance, in the middle of autumn, shoots and wild shoots are prepared and kept in the cold. The procedure is carried out from January to March, after which some time the plants are kept for warming. Then they are taken to the basement and kept before landing in the ground in the cold. This method, as a rule, is used in nurseries and other farms.

What you need for vaccination

Before proceeding to the collation, it is necessary to prepare all the necessary materials and tools. First of all, these are cuttings and stock. In addition, you will need a special knife and secateur, and you may also need a small ax and a brush.

Collation of trees (photo you can see in the article) is performed as follows. Privoj and a backbone with each other is fastened by means of a binding material. It is very convenient for this purpose to use bast from linden. In advance, it is cut into ribbons of 40 cm and moisturized. You can also use packing linen twine. Suitable and strapping from ordinary polyethylene. It is cut into ribbons 30 cm long and 1.5 cm wide.

When strapping twine and bast, you will need a garden var, which additionally protects the cut. It is made on the basis of rosin. There are different prescriptions for putty, which are obtained by liquid, thick or hard. Liquid is used immediately, thick must first be warmed, hard pre-kneaded.

• In liquid mixtures rosin is mixed with alcohol and vegetable oil. VAR is applied with a brush.
• In thick - with wax, linseed oil and fat.
• The solid mixture includes resin, wax and fat mutton. Applied simply by hand.

Instead of the bar, clay is sometimes used.

Types of collation and techniques for their implementation

All methods of grafting can be divided into two groups: inoculation with a cuticle and the collation of trees by the kidney (oculization). The most common are only two methods of osculation, and the possibilities for working with cuttings are much greater.

1. When budding, the kidney with a small layer of scute (bark and wood) is placed in a T-shaped incision made on the stock. This method is called "for the bark." The optimal length of the scutum is 2.5-3 cm. The bud separates from the cuticle with a sharp blade, is inserted into the "pocket" on the rootstock, and presses tightly. The place is tied up from above and from below.
2. The dipping is performed in the following way: an incision is made on the rootstock to form a strip of bark, the length of which is about 3 cm. The most part of this strip is cut off, the "tongue" is left 1 cm behind it and the kidney is inserted.

The method of copulation by the cutter is convenient when the graft and the stock have a similar thickness. They make long oblique sections at an angle of about 30 ° and join them. Then the connected site is carefully bandaged and smeared with var.