Cities of federal significance. City-resorts of federal significance. Cities of federal significance of the Russian Federation

The adoption in 1993 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the consolidation of the principles of the state federal system, initiated the formation of a new system of structures - state bodies of subjects. The status of the elements of the structures is determined by the Basic Law of the country and the charter of a particular region. In accordance with Art. 5 Constitution in the state there are equitable actors: the region, the region, the city of federal significance. The latter are special elements of the structure of the state system. What are the cities of federal significance? Which subjects have this status? About this later in the article.

general information

Cities of federal significance of the Russian Federation are subjects that have a special form of local self-government structure. In them, part of the powers are given directly to the organs of state power of this region. Previously, until 2014, the city-resorts of federal importance were not. In light of the recent events in the Crimea, the situation has changed somewhat. In accordance with Art. 65 of the Basic Law, the status of a city of federal importance is shared by three entities that are part of the state. In addition, a similar region has a region that is not part of the country. Based on the international agreement with Kazakhstan, since 1995, for the lease period of the Baikonur cosmodrome complex, it has a similar status. At the same time, the subject is not officially part of Russia. Accordingly, its executive bodies are not represented in the structure of the state machinery of the country. As a result of the Crimean events and the referendum following them in 2014, on March 18, an agreement was concluded with a partially recognized Crimean republic. In accordance with it Sevastopol was given the status of a city of federal significance of the Russian Federation. According to Art. 77 of the Constitution, the management structure in the subjects is organized by them independently in the order set forth in the Basic Law, and on the general principles of the organization of this system. This is the reason for the constitutional and legal characteristics that the authorities of the (legislative and executive) city of federal significance possess.

Historical reference

Forerunners of cities with special status can be considered existing in the Russian Empire governorate. What were they? These were cities, allotted from the provinces for their special geographical position or significance and subordinated directly to the minister for internal affairs. Subsequently, the governorates were transformed. After the October Revolution, these formations were liquidated (they were reorganized into districts or counties). By 1931, Leningrad and Moscow, two large cities in the USSR, were again separated into separate units of republican subordination. This status was awarded to Sevastopol in 1948, and then to Leninsk in 1987. After the Soviet Union ceased to exist, Leningrad and Moscow adopted the status of independent subjects and cities of federal significance. The Sevastopol, which was part of Ukraine, was a special unit in accordance with its administrative division. However, in connection with the recent adoption of the Crimea into Russia, it has also become a city of federal significance. As for the city of Baikonur, it, as already mentioned above, belongs to the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to its legislation, the city has the status of republican significance.

Intraurban Territory

This type of municipal formation exists since 2006 year. It is an independent organizational form. Within the boundaries of a municipal formation, local self-government exercises the population directly or through elected and other authorities. The management of the provisions of the Basic Law, the Charter of the subject and the municipality itself is regulated. There are 146 such independent units in Moscow. Among them there are 21 settlements and 125 districts. There are 11 formations in St. Petersburg. They include 30 settlements and 81 districts.

Moscow is a city of federal significance

It should be noted that this territory has some constitutional and legal features. In particular, it combines the status of the subject-city of federal significance, the capital of the state, actually functions as the center of the region. In this case, the territory has some features of the municipal formation. Moscow is the largest city and the subject of Russia. Here are the government bodies of the country (except the Constitutional Court), embassies of various foreign countries, the main offices of the largest enterprises, the headquarters of public organizations. In Moscow, a system of local self-government has been formed.

A Brief Historical Reference

The first transformation began in the second half of the 13th century. At that time, Moscow became the center of an autonomous principality. The growth and development of the territory was facilitated by the location at the intersection of fairly large trade routes. By the 14th century the territory of Moscow became wider. It joined the Mozhaisk and Kolomna princedoms. In the same period, the importance of the city as a major religious center increased due to the establishment of the Moscow diocese and the transfer of the residence of the metropolitans. In the 15th century the territory acquired a new status. At that time, Moscow became the capital of a large state first in Russia, and then a single Russian state. Metropolitan status was lost in 1712. Despite this, Moscow was a place for the coronation of the emperors. The capital status returned with the victory of Bolshevism in 1920 and remains to this day.

City of federal significance St. Petersburg

This entity is an administrative, industrial center in the North-West District. In St. Petersburg are the highest administrative bodies in the Leningrad region. It was founded by Peter the First in 1703, on May 27. The city is the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Interparliamentary Assembly of CIS members, the Heraldic Council. In St. Petersburg, the command of the Navy and the headquarters of the country's Military Forces in the Western Military District are also located.

Brief information

In St. Petersburg, there were three revolutions. During World War II, the territory was in blockade for 900 days, resulting in the death of 1.5 million people. In 1965, the year was awarded the status of "Hero City". St. Petersburg is considered the most northern city with a population of more than a million people. The area occupied by the territory is 1439 square meters. Km. St. Petersburg is one of the most important economic, cultural, scientific centers of the country, one of the largest transport hubs. The historical center and adjacent complexes are included in the list of UNESCO heritage sites.