Building a house: how to calculate a ladder to the second floor

Each residential building has a ladder, and the proper performance of this architectural part of the room depends on the comfort and safety of living. Each element of this design must be calculated and measured, materials for its manufacture should be selected with maximum consideration for all the features of the proposed structure. And the question of how to calculate the ladder to the second floor, is one of the components of the layout of the entire building.

Types of staircases

Before calculating the ladder to the second floor, you need to choose the type of this design. The main species are:

1. Marching stairs - these designs are distinguished by their simplicity and practicality. This device is used in the design of premises where in the future it is planned to move three-dimensional objects (furniture, musical instruments and so on). In addition, this design is the safest option for children and the elderly. There are also varieties of this type of structure - a rotary staircase at 90 ° (the installation is carried out at two adjacent partitions), half-turn by 180 °, and also a circular one - the rotation angle is 360 ° (here there are several marching passages and sites).
2. Screw staircases are complex structures in which steps are performed in a non-stop type. In this case, the radius of placement of these elements is accurately calculated in the project. Such structures as curved stairs, petals and broken lines, are a variety of screw construction.

Choose the type of staircase

In order to know how to calculate the ladder to the second floor, you need to make a choice of the type of this structure. As a rule, the choice of devices and design solutions depends on such factors as the area allocated to the project under the site, the steepness of the rise (height of the storey), etc.

In this case, the geometric shape of the platform for the spiral staircase is a circle, and for march constructions it is a rectangle. The first option has the most economical layout, but this type of device is unsafe for children and the elderly, as well as for those with poor health (especially for those suffering from hypertension).

When choosing a ladder, the march type is determined whether a turn will be designed or the structure will be straight. If there is not enough space, it is better to plan the construction with a turn, the angle of which is calculated depending on the location in the building.

Design calculation

Consider the question of how to calculate the ladder to the second floor, using the example of a flight of stairs with a turn of 90 °, made of wood. In this case, the dimensions of the steps (height and width) are stipulated by the norms described in the construction documentation (SNiP).

The main values that are taken into account are:

1. Width of the march. This value is projected depending on whether large-sized products will be moved. Usually, this figure is between 800 mm and 125 mm.
2. The depth of the step is taken as much as possible for 42 sizes of shoes - 280 mm-300 mm.
3. The height of the opening on the stairs: the best option is 1.95 m-2.0 m.
4. The height of the step (step) is 160 mm-200 mm.
5. The elevation angle is assumed to be 30 ° - 45 °, since the slope values in this range can provide a comfortable ride.
6. These values can be checked by the so-called safety formula 2k + n, where k is the height of the riser, n is the width of the step. As is known, the step of an adult is 0.60-0.64 m, with k being 0.28 m, then n should be taken at 0.18 m. Note that the wider the step, the lower the height of the riser.

Before calculating steps of a ladder, it is necessary to make measurements:

1. The height of the floor (measurements are made perpendicularly from the top of the floor of the second floor to the lower level of the first (point A)) - cathet.
2. The length of the projection of the span (from point A to the last position of the lower stage of the future construction) is the catete b.

Knowing these dimensions, you can calculate the length of the entire span according to the Pythagoras formula: a ² + b ² = c ² , where c is the required value. The number of steps is calculated by dividing the total height of the floor by the value of the riser (step height), for example, 3 m: 0.20 m = 15.

As you can see, it is not difficult to calculate the ladder to the second floor. You can do this without resorting to the help of special computer programs. The main thing is to perform the correct measurements indicated above.