Biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva. Interesting facts from life

Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna (years of life - 1892-1941) - a famous Russian poet. She was the daughter of Tsvetaeva Ivan Vladimirovich (1847-1913), a scientist. Her creative work is characterized by romantic maximalism, rejection of everyday life, doomed love, motives of loneliness. The main collections of the poetess - "Versts" (1921), published in 1923 "Craft", "After Russia" (1928). She was also created in 1925, a satirical poem called "Pied Piper," and in the next - "The Poem of the End." Biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva will be considered in this article.

Tsvetaeva's family

Tsvetaeva Marina was born on September 26 (old style - October 8) in 1892 in the city of Moscow. Her father, as we have already mentioned, was a scientist specializing in ancient history, art and epigraphy. He was the creator, as well as the first director (from 1911 to 1913) of the Museum of Fine Arts. The first marriage of the professor was very successful, but after the birth of two children a young wife died, and Ivan Tsvetayev remarried to Maria Main. In 1892, on September 26, this couple had a girl named Marina (that is, "sea"). So begins the biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva.

Mother, Maine Maria Alexandrovna, died in 1906. She was a pianist, a pupil of Rubinstein A. G. This woman had a huge impact on Marina. She dreamed that her daughter also became a pianist. However, the world of poetry attracted young Tsvetaeva more than the performance of scales. At the age of six the girl wrote the first poems. And not only in Russian Marina worked, but also in French and German. She raised her daughters sufficiently (Marina and her sister Anastasia) mother. They received an excellent education. Grandfather's half brother and sister - historian and publicist Ilovaisky Dmitry Ivanovich.

Childhood of the future poetess

Biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva in her young years is marked by the fact that she was a child, because of her mother's illness, she lived in Germany, Switzerland and Italy for a long time. Breaks in education in the gymnasium were filled with lessons in boarding houses in Freiburg and Lausanne. Marina was fluent in German and French. In the Sorbonne, she listened in 1909 to the course of French literature.

Early independence

After the death of the mother, the care of the children lay on his father's shoulders. He was busy in the service, so he could not devote all his time to them. That is why, perhaps, the girls grew up beyond their years independent, began to take an interest in the rather early political situation in the state, relations with the opposite sex.

Education of Marina Tsvetaeva

At the insistence of her mother Marina Tsvetayeva went to music school at a young age, and also took music lessons at home. But these studies after the death of Mary had no further development. Marina together with her sister received primary education at home, under the guidance of her mother. At the age of 8-9 years, the future poetess attended classes at the M.T. Briukhonenko gymnasium, and then in Switzerland, in Lausanne. She studied in the Catholic boarding school in 1903, and then left after the family moved to the French boarding school. Continued training Tsvetaeva in Germany, in the guesthouse Freiburg. She easily received languages, and later she often earned remittances, as creativity did not bring large incomes to such a poetess as Marina Tsvetaeva. Biography and poetry of her only after death began to arouse the interest of many.

Marina went to Paris in 1908, where she entered the Sorbonne. Here she listened to a course of lectures on Old French literature.

The beginning of literary activity

The creative biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva begins as follows. The first literary experiments were connected with a circle of symbolists from Moscow. Marina Ivanovna met Bryusov, who had a great influence on her early poetry, as well as with a poet like Ellios (Kobylinsky Lev Lvovich). She participated in the activities of studios and circles, located at the publishing house Musaget. Also, the artistic and poetic world of the house (in the Crimea) was greatly influenced by art critic and poet Maximilian Voloshin. She stayed in Koktebel many times.

The first collections

In his two poetry collections "Evening Album" (1910) and "Magic Lantern" (1912), as well as in the poem "The Enchantress" written in 1914, a thorough description of household items (portraits, mirrors, halls, children's), reading, walks On the boulevard, music classes, relations with his sister and mother imitated the diary of a young gymnast. "Evening album" was dedicated to the memory of Maria Bashkirtseva, artist, which accentuates the diary, confessional focus. In the poem "On a Red Horse" written in 1921, the forms of a fantastic romantic ballad acquired the history of the poet's becoming.

Further creativity

Dedicated to the relationship with Sophia Parnok (about which we will tell) the cycle of poems "Friend" appeared in 1916. During the Civil War, there was a cycle called "Swan Song", which was dedicated to the heroic deed of white officers. There are poems and romantic plays in her work, for example, "On a Red Horse", "Egorushka", "Tsar-maiden".

The novel with Rodzevich inspired the creation of collections of "The Poem of the End" and "The Poem of the Mountain." In Paris, Marina's last lifetime collection was published. Here the family moved from the Czech Republic in 1928. However, most of her poems remained unpublished. Marina earned her living mainly by translations and creative evenings.

Tragedy

The biggest mystery of the Efron family (the poet's husband) and Tsvetaeva: what prompted them to move to the USSR in 1939? A former white officer, Efron, who fought stubbornly with the Bolsheviks, suddenly believed in the triumph of communism. He contacted in Paris with the NKVD-controlled society, which was engaged in the return of emigrants to their homeland. In 1937, the first daughter of Marina Tsvetaeva, Ariadna (who was arrested before all) returned to Moscow. After that, Sergei Efron fled, as he was compromised by ties in Paris with the NKVD. Marina and her son followed her husband, fulfilling the duty of a loving wife to the end.

The last years of Marina Ivanovna's life

The next events complete her biography. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva survived the arrest of her husband and daughter in 1939, this knocked down the poetess. She was left alone with her son George. And the relationship with him, spoiled by too enthusiastic attention, was ambiguous. Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna was very worried about all this in recent years. A brief biography on the dates of the last years of her life concludes with the next fatal event. On August 31, 1941, after evacuation to Elabuga in connection with the outbreak of World War II, Tsvetaeva hanged herself on the Kama River, in the hallway of the house, which was allocated to them with her son. So the grave of Marina Tsvetaeva was not found, despite the efforts made by Sister Anastasia, who in 1959 was rehabilitated, and also by the daughter of Ariadna (in 1955 she was rehabilitated). In August 1941, Sergei Efron was shot in Moscow.

This is a short biography of Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna.

Importance of poetry

The poet who is interested in us, unfortunately, did not wait to be recognized. She had to starve, and creative evenings and collections were not appreciated by her contemporaries. At the present time, however, Tsvetaeva is rightfully considered one of the most outstanding representatives of the Russian poetry of the Silver Age. A short biography of Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna, as well as her poems are included in the compulsory school curriculum. Her poems are very popular today, many of which became well-known romances, laid to music. Now not only in Russia, but also abroad, she enjoys the love and recognition of Marina Tsvetaeva. A short biography in English by Marina Ivanovna, for example, was created by many authors. In the Netherlands, in Leiden, there is a house on the wall of which Tsvetaeva's poems are written (photo is shown below).

Interesting facts about Tsvetaeva's life

The personal life of this poet (she herself did not like this word, called herself a poet) from her work is inseparable. Therefore, we should tell about several interesting facts, which mark her biography. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva wrote her best works in a state of love, at the moment of strong emotional experiences.

Many stormy novels were in Marina's life, but the only love that has gone through the poet's whole life is Sergei Efron, who became her husband and the father of her children.

Their acquaintance happened romantically, in the Crimea, in 1911. Marina, at that time a beginning poetess, was here at the invitation of Maximilian Voloshin, his close friend.

Sergei Efron arrived in the Crimea in order to recover after consumption, as well as recover from the suicide of his mother. Already in 1912, in January, they were married. At the same time Tsvetaeva's daughter Ariadna was born. However, despite the fact that Marina valued her husband, 2 years after the birth of Ali (the so-called home Ariadne), she plunged headlong into a new novel. And this time the woman, the poetess and interpreter Sofya Parnok, fell in love Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva. A brief biography for children, of course, does not mention this. Very painful survived Efron enthusiasm for his wife, but forgave. In 1916, after a lot of quarrels and reconciliations, Tsvetaeva finally broke up with Parnok and returned to the family.

After reconciliation with her husband in 1917, Marina gave birth to Irina, which became a disappointment for Tsvetaeva, who wanted a son. Efron participated in the White movement, fought with the Bolsheviks, so he left Moscow after the revolution and traveled to the south, where he participated in the defense of the Crimea. He emigrated only after the army of Denikin was finally defeated.

Marina Tsvetaeva remained with two children in Moscow. Without means of subsistence, there was a family and had to sell things in order to feed themselves. However, to save the younger daughter, despite all the efforts, the mother failed. Ira died in a shelter from hunger, where she gave Tsvetaeva, hoping that the girl here will eat better.

Marina during the parting with her husband survived a few more novels, but decided in 1922 to go to Sergei Efron abroad. Already joined with her husband, Marina during the period of emigration in the Czech Republic met with Rodzevich, whom some historians consider the real father of George, the long-awaited son born in 1925. But officially they are Efron. Marina Tsvetaeva herself (the biography, interesting facts from whose life we were examined) repeatedly stressed that she had finally given birth to her husband. Thus, she redeemed in part her guilt, which she felt after her daughter was killed in post-revolutionary Moscow.

This is the poet Marina Tsvetaeva. Biography, interesting facts from her life, we hope, caused the reader to continue acquaintance with this bright representative of the poetry of the Silver Age. We recommend reading her poems. Indeed, Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva created truly talented works. A brief biography (which is called the Silver Age, we hope you remember) was created in order to arouse interest in her work.