Bakelite varnishes: technical characteristics, composition, application features and reviews

Today Bakelite varnishes are a popular substance used in construction. They are made by evaporating phenol and formaldehyde. And for this it is necessary to make a special solution of resins on an alcohol basis. The ammonia is added to the main components to react with each other. This component gives the final formulations a certain smell.

Main characteristics

Bakelite varnishes are toxic, because in the production process, phenol and formaldehyde vapors are released. There are permissible limits for the presence of this substance within the production shop. The concentration of 0.3 mg / m³ is not dangerous to humans. Higher rates lead to poisoning, and in some cases - to death.

Bakelite varnish, whose composition includes flammable substances, has a flashpoint of 15 ° C. Full ignition occurs at a temperature higher than the previous index. Bakelite varnishes for fire safety belong to class A. Basic information about the properties of this substance is described in the regulatory documentation, namely in GOST 12.1.044. If an ignition occurred in the production shop, water, sand, and a special kind of chemical and mechanical foam are used for its localization.

Bakelite varnish: application

These substances are used in various industries. The main purpose is to protect surfaces and parts from the effects of moisture or other corrosive substances. They are also used for painting gasoline tanks. Bakelite varnishes are superior to other types of such products in their functionality, as they are used for impregnating and gluing of individual parts of a part.

The most common treatment of such compounds is plywood. Bakelite varnish, the technical characteristics of which are described in the article, are used not only in construction, but also in other industries. Among them are the following:

• Shipbuilding - manufacturing of decks of ships and yachts;
• Automotive - production of the lower coating, as well as individual components;
• Construction - covering of floors, exterior decoration of buildings, roofs, decoration of rooms and furniture manufacture;
• For the production of firearms and sports facilities;
• For the manufacture of children's products and much more.

The process of obtaining a varnish

To make such a composition, it is necessary to use the following substances: phenol, ethyl alcohol, formalin and ammonia. What characteristics of bakelite lacquer are known to us? They depend on the characteristics of the constituents of the substances.

Characteristics of constituent materials

So, the first substance is phenol. It is an organic compound that dissolves upon interaction with water. Its freezing point is 40 ° C. Formalin is a dangerous toxic substance that is considered a poison. It is a transparent liquid with a low level of reactivity. Ammonia is not used in its pure form, but is made from it by a weak aqueous solution.

Ethyl alcohol is used for pumping carbonaceous substances. The final result is a clear liquid. It can be painted in different colors. Also in the varnish are vegetable oil and cellulose. Before it is added, it is thoroughly processed.

Basic views

For today there are 9 main types of bakelite varnishes. Each of them is applied in a certain industry. In addition, they have a different percentage of constituent substances, that is, phenol, formaldehyde, ethanol and ammonia. With the change in the amount of one of the indicators, the properties of the varnish and its functions change. For example, you can compare these brands of varnishes:

• SBS-1 - for the processing of plastic and plywood, which is used in the exterior and interior decoration of the house.
• LBS-4 - for various plastics containing mineral fillers.
• LBS-1 and LBS-2 - are considered as high-grade bakelite varnishes and are used for coating plastics and glass-textile products.

The varnish is applied to the surface of building materials or parts with a brush or roller. In the final result, a special film is formed on the surface, consisting of organic or inorganic elements. It protects the surface from the effects of moisture, as well as other aggressive substances.

Use during repair

This kind of varnish is used for both internal and external works. Using a special dye, you can achieve the desired color of the product. In this case, the properties of the varnish will remain unchanged. However, its use at home is complicated. Before application, it is necessary to clean the surface of excess debris and dry it. After coating with varnish, the surface must be heat treated. The temperature should reach 160 ° C. To achieve it you have to work hard.

The natural drying of the surface is carried out for 4 hours. For a more thorough protection, a second layer is applied from above, which contains a special filler. All the followers go without filler. Eventually, the film thickness reaches 0.5 mm.

To increase the mechanical strength on the surface, cotton fabric is used, which is impregnated with bakelite varnish. It is laid in about 3 layers. This technology is as follows: to begin with, the fabric must be thoroughly washed and dried to get rid of starch.

It is cut into small pieces and immersed in a container with varnish. It should be soaked for 5 minutes. Next, the tissue is removed from the container and squeezed using rubber gloves. The impregnated pieces are exposed to open air and dried so that the presence of the solvent is minimized. The primed and dried cloth is applied to the surface and varnish is applied from above with a brush. If it becomes necessary to improve the mechanical strength of the pipes, the fabric is cut into strips of small width. Then the procedure follows the same pattern.

Eventually, a film is formed on the building surface, which will protect the material from moisture and other factors. It can be damaged under several conditions:

• If the surface will be affected by temperatures above 20 ° C for a long time;
• If the surface covered with varnish, will get direct sunlight.

Despite the fact that the repair of bakelite varnish causes some difficulties, judging by the feedback of consumers, this material remains quite popular.

Price policy

The cost of the composition is quite diverse and depends on the brand, as well as the place of application. The price of such compositions is in the range from 300 to 1000 rubles per liter.

Conclusion

As the master says, Bakelite varnish is a popular substance that is used not only in industry, but also in everyday life. It is used for the manufacture of various chemicals and materials. The people who used it assure that the technology of its application is quite simple. Only they emphasize that when working with varnish, one should adhere to certain rules. First of all, the painted premises should be well ventilated. It can not stay long, as condensing phenol vapor leads to poisoning.

So, we found out what the given composition is, and also learned what are the characteristics of bakelite varnish.