HealthMedicine

Amorphous crystals in urine: features, decoding and indices

Kidneys are the organs responsible for the excretory function of the body. Thanks to the work of these organs, all substances entering the bloodstream are filtered. They are responsible for maintaining water-salt and electrolyte exchange. In addition, they produce the hormone "erythropoietin", necessary to ensure the function of hematopoiesis. Evaluate the work of the kidneys by urine analysis. There are many different laboratory methods for this study. In addition to the fact that the status of the isolated fluid, you can find out about the presence of inflammatory processes and a violation of the filtration capacity of the kidneys, sometimes crystals are found in the urine. Normally, they should not be. Therefore, the appearance of crystals in the analysis of urine testifies to functional disorders. In some cases, these changes are observed in the presence of stones. Sometimes this phenomenon indicates a predisposition to certain kidney diseases. In this case, the pathology itself may not yet develop.

Crystals in urine: the cause of appearance in healthy people

Crystals are a collection of salts forming a urinary sediment. Their appearance in small numbers is not always a deviation and is sometimes found in healthy people. If the crystals in the urine are significantly elevated, this indicates a violation of the mineral metabolism. There are the following reasons for the appearance of salts in the OAM:

  1. The predominance of certain foods in the diet. They include meat, tomatoes, asparagus, sorrel, cowberry. The fact is that this food has in its composition a large number of acids, which crystallize and precipitate.
  2. Increased sweating during exercise.
  3. Reception of some antibacterial medicines (preparations of the sulfanilamides group, ampicillin).
  4. The use of unfiltered water from the tap.
  5. Alkaline reaction of urine. It is observed in the presence of inflammation in the kidneys.

If amorphous crystals appear in urine as a result of these factors, this is not a pathological condition. Nevertheless, the constant consumption of a large number of products containing acids in food is considered a predisposing factor in the formation of kidney stones.

The appearance of amorphous crystals in pathology

The crystals in the urine can be different. It depends on what salts they are formed from. The crystals are divided into phosphates, urates and calcium oxalates. Of all these substances, stones in the kidney or bladder may form. In some cases, concretions contain several different salts at once. Phosphates often precipitate in a bladder infection (cystitis), and they also appear due to increased secretion of the parathyroid hormone. Urates are accumulations of salts of uric acid. Excessive development of this substance indicates a violation of mineral metabolism in the body (gout). In addition, urates are often present in the urine with chronic diseases of the kidney tissue (nephritis, CRF). Most often, the stones consist of calcium, which is released in large quantities and forms crystals. Oxalate in urine is observed in such diseases as pyelonephritis and diabetes mellitus.

The presence of certain types of crystals always indicates pathological conditions. These include salts of gipuric acid, a cluster of cholesterol, bilirubin, leucine, tyrosine, hematoidin. Normally, these substances should not be excreted by the kidneys.

Symptoms in the presence of crystals in the urine

Most often, the presence of crystals in the urine does not appear. Especially if the accumulation of salts is present in a small amount. Symptoms occur with the formation of concrements and the development of urolithiasis. In this case, the work of the kidneys is disrupted due to obturation of the cup-and-pelvic system. Also, concrements can accumulate in the bladder and enter the ducts. As a result, there is a syndrome such as renal colic. The patient complains of severe low back pain, giving away the abdomen and groin area. Due to the fact that there is a stone in the ureter, it is difficult to separate the fluid. Pain sensations in renal colic are so strong that the patient takes a forced position: on his side with the reduction of the legs to the abdomen. Crystals in the urine of a child are most often observed due to inflammatory pathologies (acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis). Such ailments are accompanied by an increase in body temperature, nausea, pain in the waist and abdomen (more often on the one hand).

Diagnosis in the presence of crystals in the urine: interpretation of the analyzes

Urates, phosphates and calcium crystals in the urine are detected by microscopic examination. In addition to OAM, a biochemical blood test is performed. The presence of crystals in the urine is indicated by the "+" sign. For example, the record "urate +++" means that these substances are present in large quantities. The pH level is also determined. If this indicator is normal, conduct a more in-depth examination. Urine is being analyzed for Zimnitskiy, Nechiporenko, renal ultrasound, excretory urography. In some cases, it is necessary to conduct a study of parathyroid glands. In addition to laboratory-instrumental diagnostics, it is necessary to find out what kind of food the person used before surrendering the OAM, whether it drinks unfiltered water.

Amorphous crystals in urine: treatment

After finding out the reason for the appearance of crystals in the urine, the treatment is prescribed. If there are large stones in the kidneys, surgical intervention is required. In cases where crystals occur against a background of a disease (pyelonephritis, diabetes, gout), treatment should be directed to the underlying pathology. With the development of renal colic, antispasmodics are prescribed (tablets No-shpa, Drotaverin), uroseptics.

How to prevent the formation of crystals in the urine

To prevent the formation of crystals in the urine sediment, it is necessary to periodically take out OAM. After all, often the accumulation of salts is not accompanied by any symptoms. It should be remembered that crystals are rarely formed with proper nutrition. Therefore, it is worth using products containing acids in limited quantities. It is not recommended to drink "raw" unfiltered water. In the presence of inflammatory and metabolic diseases it is necessary to fulfill the prescription of a doctor.

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