ZMZ-409 engine: specifications, repairs, reviews

In our country, the engine ZMZ 409 became very popular and widespread. The UAZ "Patriot" cars were equipped with this motor. Also the engine was put on "Soboli" and "Gazelle".

History of the plant

The history of the Zavolzhsky motor plant has been counted for 45 years. In 1958, the ZMZ, which mainly produced spares and castings from aluminum alloys, was reorganized into a motor plant in a small village. They produced power units for Gorky, Ulyanovsk, and also Moscow automobile enterprises.

The first engine that was assembled on it is the GAZ-21 for the Volga Automobile Plant. Motor plant constantly increased its capabilities and capacity. Equipment, workshops and production technologies were constantly improved. Particular attention was given to the casting site at the engine manufacturing plant.

In the 80s, the first 4-cylinder and 16-valve gasoline engine was designed at this plant. Its volume was 2.3 liters, and the engine was controlled by a microcontroller, which was responsible for the injection and ignition system. This engine was called ZMZ 4062.

Motor ZMZ 409

On the conveyor this motor was delivered in 1996 year. Today, on the basis of this engine, several units with a volume of 2.3 to 2.7 liters are produced. This is the installation of models 406 and 405. This included 409 engine. This motor was mainly installed on new and modern domestic cars UAZ and GAZ. The entire generation of these power units is equipped with a gas neutralizer and is manufactured completely in accordance with the standards of EURO-2.

For several years of production, the engines have been subjected to serious changes and modifications several times. In 2003, the design of the camshafts was changed. To replace the shoes of the tensioners made of plastic, came sprockets, which allowed to get rid of the problem of failure of hydraulic pushers due to clogging of engine oil products of plastic wear.

Then, at the same time, that the plant switched to imported components for especially important engine units, the management conceived even more serious modifications of its products. The system of camshafts was replaced by a simplified assembly. This immediately affected the reliability. Many other upgrades have also been made.

Today Zavolzhsky Motor Plant is an advanced domestic enterprise. Products that are produced here have high characteristics and quality.

Technical characteristics of internal combustion engine ZMZ 409

409 engine is a 4-cylinder, in-line motor that controls with the help of microprocessors. The working volume of the unit is 2.6 liters, the compression ratio is -9. The order of the cylinders is organized according to the scheme 1-3-4-2, the crankshaft rotates to the right side. The maximum torque is 230 kg-cm at a speed of 3900 rpm. The weight of the motor is 190 kg. The power system of this engine is the injection of fuel into the pipe. The ventilation system, which is used in this power unit, is closed, forced, operating due to vacuum in the exhaust system. The lubrication system is also forced, combined, with sprinkling. The cooling system is presented in the form of a liquid, forced and closed. The electrical part is presented as a single-wire system.

Motor construction

Consider the design and main components of the engine ZMZ 409. First about the cylinder block. The main material for this site was gray cast iron. Between the cylinders, engineers have made special channels through which the coolant circulates. The monoblock design already has everything you need and all the holes for fastening attachments and lubrication channels. The lower part of this unit is equipped with bearings for the main bearings for mounting the crankshaft. The covers of these bearings can not be replaced.

The head of the cylinder block is made in the form of cast aluminum parts. The cylinder head is equipped with inlet and outlet valves. Each of the cylinders is equipped with two valves. On the right are the intake valves and the exhaust valves to the left. Hydropushers allowed to get rid of the process of manual adjustment of the gaps. Now cam gaps are regulated automatically.

Pistons are also made of aluminum. These parts have thermoregulatory inserts. The skirt is made on a barrel-shaped profile, and is also equipped with a special microrelief, which allows to significantly improve running-in, as well as significantly reduce friction losses.

The bottom of each piston has black grooves, which are made in order to maximally prevent possible impacts of the piston on the bottom of the valve plates for possible malfunctions.

Piston rings are mounted three on each of the pistons. On the engine 409 specifications provide two compression and one oil ring. As for the outer surface of the compression ring, it is covered with a layer of special porous chromium. The lower ring is covered with tin, and the rest of the surface of the rings is phosphated.

Crankshaft is made of extra strong cast iron. It is pentahedral, for better unloading of supports is equipped with counterweights. The crankshaft sock, as well as the shank come with rubber seals.

The shaft was dynamically balanced at the factory. To exclude its movement along the axes, the engineers limited it by means of two washers that are located on the two sides of the middle or third bearing. Thrust washers, in turn, consist of half-shells.

Camshaft timing system

The camshafts in this motor are manufactured by casting. The material was high-strength cast iron. To achieve greater resistance to wear, the camshaft surface has undergone special treatment.

These parts rotate on bearings, which are formed by the cylinder head and special removable covers made of aluminum.

Drive - chain, two-stage. The chain tensioning system is carried out by means of hydraulic pullers.

The valves in this motor are made of special heat-resistant steel. 409 engine is equipped with valves, which are cranked during operation. The drive is carried out from the hydropushers of the camshafts. Since this engine is 409, its technical characteristics allow not to adjust the clearances due to the use of hydraulic pushers. Valve springs are made in the form of double springs. These parts are unified with engines from VAZ 2108. Hydropushers are made in the form of a cylindrical glass, and oil is supplied from the cylinder head.

Lubrication system

The engine 409 (UAZ Patriot) is equipped with a combined lubrication system, which, under pressure, sprinkles oil between the friction parts. The lubrication system consists of oil sump, pump, nozzles and valves, oil channels in cylinder head, crankshaft, oil filter, and electronic oil pressure sensors.

Cooling system

The engine ZMZ 409 is equipped with a liquid, closed, forced cooling system. The system is presented in the form of a water jacket on the cylinder block, on the cylinder head, the water pump, and also the thermostat, the coolant temperature sensor, the ambient heating sensor.

The engine ZMZ 409 provides the most optimal thermal regime within the limits of 80-90 degrees. It is supported by a thermostat. It works automatically. The correct temperature regime allows us to make the UAZ SUV unpretentious in maintenance. The engine of the 409-th model has a high efficiency, and its parts - a huge durability.

To ensure that the driver is calm, and the engine ZMZ 409 does not overheat, the engineers brought to the dashboard a light bulb of emergency temperature. The indicator will work if the temperature exceeds 104 degrees. The sensor is located on top of the radiator tank. It is necessary to watch, that the motor did not overheat, otherwise repair of 409 engine will be required.

Supply system

The power system that the 409 engine has is an injector. Therefore, it is made in the form of a fuel injection sweep into the pipe using an injector. The latter is fully controlled by the controller or ECU. The power supply system of the motor is organized from a fuel tank, drives, an electric gasoline pump, filters, and also a fuel pipeline for the engine.

Maintenance

To ensure that this engine has worked properly in the joy of its owner, you need to regularly carry out maintenance. Then, if this condition is met, the engine will have high performance. For this unit, you need only use high-quality fuel and lubricants.

Caring and servicing all motor and car systems are necessary. Only on such conditions the motor will last a long time and will work without breakages. It is necessary to regularly check the oil level, the coolant level, the tension of the coolant pump belts.

For the engine to work reliably, it is necessary to take care of the power system. Only under the condition of regular maintenance can we achieve stable operation. It must be ensured that all connections of the fuel line are reliable, and also it is necessary to clean fuel injectors from time to time.

Repair Issues

Repair of the engine may be necessary if the mileage is about 300 thousand kilometers. The need for repairs can come even earlier, if the car or the unit was used in particularly harsh conditions.

Repair of the 409 engine is necessary in case the power falls, the oil pressure level decreases, if the engine smokes, and the fuel consumption is increased.

For the engine parts are sold, so it is not difficult to replace worn parts or assemblies.

Reviews

"Patriot" UAZ (engine 409 is installed on it), it shows itself well in the absence of roads. Off-road in this car is a pleasure to drive. However, in the rest of the 409 engine reviews are ambiguous. Someone argues that the engine is oil, someone writes on the forums that they encounter increased fuel consumption. Many people write that in the UAZ jeep the engine 409 is unsuitable for driving on asphalt. But on other cars this motor shows itself quite well.

As a conclusion

In general, the 409 engine (Patriot) is a good power unit, while its cost is much lower, and the performance and technical characteristics of this engine are at least as good as those of some foreign cars. But modern foreign cars-off-road cars cost much more money than UAZ "Patriot" costs.

Also, work was done to re-arrange these engines for gas, although the results of such alterations are not particularly encouraging.

Whatever the case, "Patriots" were sold and sold in the automotive market. You can also buy a 409 engine separately. As already mentioned, they are installed not only on the Patriots, but also on Gazelle, Soboli and Volga.

So, we found out what the 406 engine has technical characteristics, device, design and history of origin.