Yugoslavia divided into which states? How many countries did Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia has long been a significant and important state in the world arena: a developed economy and industry, especially the production of weapons, automobiles and chemicals; A huge army, the number of which exceeded 600 thousand soldiers ... But the internal strife and conflict that plagued the country, in the 90 years of the last century reached its apogee and led to the fact that Yugoslavia broke up. On which states it was divided, today all schoolchildren who study history know today. These are Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo is a partially recognized power.

At the origins

Once upon a time in the Balkan Peninsula, Yugoslavia was the largest state. The peoples living on these lands had very different customs and traditions, culture and even religion. But, despite this, they all lived in one country: Catholics and Orthodox, those who wrote Latin, and those who are Cyrillic.

Yugoslavia has always been a tasty morsel for many conquerors. So, Hungary in the XII century captured Croatia. Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina moved to the Ottoman Empire, many residents of these lands were forced to accept Islam. And only for a long time Montenegro remained free and independent. Over time, the Turkish state lost its influence and power, therefore Austria took possession of the Yugoslav territories formerly owned by the Ottomans. Only in the XIX century, Serbia was able to reborn as an independent state.

It is this country that unites all the scattered Balkan lands. Crown of Croats, Slovenes and other Yugoslav peoples became the King of Serbia. One of the monarchs, Alexander I, in 1929 organized a coup and gave the power a new name - Yugoslavia, which translates as "the land of the southern Slavs."

Federal Republic

The history of Yugoslavia in the twentieth century was developing against the backdrop of world wars. During World War II a powerful antifascist movement was created here. The Communists organized a partisan underground. But after defeating Hitler, Yugoslavia did not become part of the Soviet Union, as was supposed. It remained free, but a socialist country, where there was only one leading party-the communist party.

In early 1946, a constitution was adopted here, which marked the creation of a new Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. It consisted of six independent units. Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as two autonomous regions - Kosovo and Vojvodina - formed a new power. On which countries did Yugoslavia collapse in the future? It is to these small and original republics, among which Serbia has always been the leader. Its inhabitants were the largest ethnic group: almost 40% of the entire Yugoslavia. It is logical that other members of the federation did not like this much, and within the state conflicts and strife began.

Beginning of the End

The tension in relations between representatives of different ethnic groups is the main reason why Yugoslavia has disintegrated. On which states have the leaders of the uprisings sent their discontent and aggression? First of all, to the north-western Croatia and Slovenia, which flourished and seemed to tease the poorer people with their high standard of living. The anger and tension in the masses grew. Yugoslavs have ceased to consider themselves a single people, despite the fact that they lived next to for 60 years.

In 1980, the leader of the Communists died, Marshal Tito. After that, the chairman of the Presidium was elected every year in May from among the candidates represented by each republic. Despite such equality, people still remained dissatisfied and unhappy. Since 1988, the standard of living of all the inhabitants of Yugoslavia has sharply deteriorated, the production has started to decline, inflation and unemployment have instead flourished. The country's leaders, headed by Mikulich, resigned, Slovenia wanted complete sovereignty, nationalist sentiments tore Kosovo apart. These events marked the beginning of the end and led to Yugoslavia's disintegration. On which states it divided, the current map of the world demonstrates clearly where independent countries such as Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina are clearly singled out.

Slobodan Milosevic

This active leader came to power in 1988, at the peak of civil strife. His policy, he first of all sent to return under the wing of the federal republic of Kosovo and Vojvodina. Although there were very few ethnic Serbs on these lands, many residents of the country supported it. Milosevic's actions only aggravated the situation. He wanted to create a powerful Serbian state or simply used internal conflicts to occupy a warm government seat, so no one knows. But in the end Yugoslavia disintegrated. On which states it was divided, today it is known even to children. The history of the Balkan Peninsula in textbooks is not one paragraph.

In 1989, the economy and politics in the FPRY experienced a rapid decline. Ante Markovic, the new prime minister, tried to carry out a series of reforms, but it was too late. Inflation has reached 1000%, the country's debt to other states has grown to 21 billion dollars. Against this background, Serbia adopted a new constitution, which deprived the autonomy of Vojvodina and Kosovo. Slovenia, meanwhile, has concluded an alliance with Croatia.

Introduction of multi-party system

The history of Yugoslavia as a single indivisible state ends in the early 1990s. In those years, the country was still trying to save itself from collapse: the Communists decided to share power with other parties that would freely and independently choose the people. The will was held in 1990. The Communist Party of Milosevic won the lion's share of the vote, but it was only possible to speak of complete victory in Montenegro and Serbia.

At the same time, debates were boiling in other regions. Kosovo resisted the harsh measures taken to pacify Albanian nationalism. In Croatia, the Serbs decided to create their own autonomy. But the biggest blow was the announcement by small Slovenia of independence, for which the local population voted in a referendum. After this, the FISRY began to crack at the seams. What countries did Yugoslavia break up into? In addition to Slovenia, Macedonia and Croatia also quickly separated, then Bosnia and Herzegovina. Over time, the separate states Montenegro and Serbia became separate states, which up to the last supported the integrity of the Balkan state.

The war in Yugoslavia

The government of the FRNU long tried to preserve the once powerful and rich country. The troops were sent to Croatia to eliminate the riots that arose there against the backdrop of the struggle for independence. The history of the break-up of Yugoslavia began precisely with this region, and with Slovenia - these two republics were the first rebels. During the years of military operations, tens of thousands of people were killed, hundreds of thousands lost their homes for good.

Then a hotbed of violence broke out in Bosnia and Kosovo. The blood of innocent people for almost a decade poured here almost every day. For a long time the so-called Yugoslav knot could not be cut by the ruling authorities or the peacekeeping forces thrown here by the West. Subsequently, NATO and the European Union have already waged a war against Milosevic himself, exposing his massacres of civilians and atrocities against prisoners of war in the camps. As a result, he was given a tribunal.

How many countries did Yugoslavia break up? After many years of confrontation on the world map, instead of one power, six were formed. These are Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. There is also Kosovo, but not all countries recognized its independence. Among those who did this first, were the European Union and the United States.