Russia is a sovereign state. Losses and acquisitions of the Russian Federation. History of Russia as a sovereign state

Since 1991, Russia is a sovereign state. Losses and acquisitions in this short period took place practically in all spheres of political, social and economic life of the country. Let's learn more about them. So, Russia is a sovereign state. Acquisitions for the years of independence and losses will be considered by us further.

Registration of sovereignty

First of all, let's find out how the independent development of the Russian Federation began.

In the late 80's it became clear that the union republics no longer want to be together. In Russia, too, there were people who believed that some of the republics with a less developed economy are a ballast for the country.

In May 1990, Boris Yeltsin became the head of the RSFSR Parliament. A few weeks later, on June 12, the Parliament adopted the Declaration on the Sovereignty of Russia.

At the very end of 1991, the leaders of the three Soviet republics, including Russia, reached agreements on the disintegration of the USSR and the creation of an inter-state association of the CIS. And on December 26, 1991 the USSR legally ceased to exist.

Since then, Russia is a sovereign state. Was it a loss or an acquisition? On the one hand, a great country disintegrated, which, economically and politically, occupied one of the leading places in the world. On the other hand, in many respects the achievements of this state were built on the command-administrative system and the repressive mechanism, which eventually proved ineffective. But the Russian Federation was a young country that was built on the principles of a democratic society.

The October putsch

Russia did not have time to gain sovereignty, as new political upheavals awaited it. Dissatisfaction with the reformist policies of Boris Yeltsin increased both in the people and among politicians of the highest rank. As a result, in October 1993, this state of affairs resulted in an armed confrontation between the supporters of the Russian president and his opponents, led by Vice President Rutskoi and chairman of the parliament Khasbulatov.

Opponents of Yeltsin were defeated. True, the victory went to the president at a high price: more than 150 people were killed, several hundred were wounded. The consequence of these events was the dissolution of the Supreme Council, which replaced the State Duma, the abolition of the post of vice-president, and most importantly, the adoption of the new Constitution of the country.

Once again it was proved that Russia is a sovereign state. Losses and acquisitions from these events are difficult to compare. On the one hand, they led to the death of more than a hundred and fifty people, on the other - they allowed the country to finally break with the Soviet past and continue building a new Russia.

The war in Chechnya

One of the most tragic pages of the recent history of our homeland is the armed conflict in Chechnya. It began in 1991, when Dzhokhar Dudayev seized power in the republic through a military coup.

The Russian government had to go to agreements with militants, signed in 1996 in Khasavyurt. These agreements provided for the formation of a virtually independent state - the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

But nevertheless the conflict at that time was not completely resolved. Provocations by militants occurred after 1996. In 1999, a counter-terrorist operation began, which in the people was called the Second Chechen War. As a result, until 2009, Chechnya was practically completely cleared of bandit formations, and their leaders were liquidated. The restoration of the republic, which was destroyed during the long war, began.

The ability to defend its territorial integrity proved that Russia is a sovereign state. The losses and acquisitions of this war are incommensurable. A lot of soldiers died defending the integrity of their homeland. In addition, one of the subjects of the federation actually left its membership for a while. But the most important thing is that the hearth of the war was extinguished, and the republic was returned to the Russian Federation. Now Chechnya is one of the most prosperous regions of Russia.

Default

Not only war and political upheaval marked the 1990s for Russia, but also economic instability. One of the most pronounced manifestations of it was the 1998 default. Then, due to a number of unfavorable domestic and foreign economic factors (falling oil prices, the Asian financial crisis), Russia was forced to suspend the payment of obligations under the loan bonds, which actually put it in a state of technical default. This led to a sharp depreciation of the ruble and to the resignation of the current government.

At the same time, it should be noted that the default, however paradoxical it seemed, contributed to the improvement of the country's economy as a whole. In the 2000s, its sharp rise began, and in the second half of the decade, the Russian Federation managed to pay off almost all its debts and reach unprecedented economic heights since the collapse of the USSR.

So Russia won or lost because of default? Russia is a sovereign state. Acquisitions and losses that it has are the result of the policy of the government of the country chosen by the people. In this case, the declaration of default, of course, was the strongest blow to the financial condition of both the country and ordinary citizens. But in the long term this decision contributed to the strengthening of the state's economic achievements.

Yeltsin's resignation

Of course, Russia is a sovereign federal state. And in many respects it is the merit of its first president, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin. A big surprise was his resignation from his high post in late 1999 for health reasons.

Did Russia, a sovereign state, win or lose from this? Losses and acquisitions were promised by Yeltsin's resignation. Certainly, when a person who has done so much to form the state institutions of the country leaves his post, this is rather sad. But we must remember that President Yeltsin's team was succeeded by the even more effective team of President Putin, which enabled Russia to achieve economic growth unprecedented for it.

Accession of the Crimea

One of the most delicate issues in the recent history of Russia is the accession of the Crimea in 2014 as a subject of the federation. How justified was this step?

On the one hand, having annexed the Crimea, Russia ran into a number of significant economic sanctions from Western countries, and also entered into a serious conflict with its closest neighbor, Ukraine. But at the same time, the territory of Russia became larger, uninterrupted access to the naval bases in Sevastopol was ensured, and, most importantly, the desire of the people of Crimea was realized.

Achievements or losses?

So, we tried to study the topic "Russia is a sovereign state: acquisition and loss." The history of the country in abundance knew quite a lot of both the first and the second. But what was more? It is rather difficult to answer this question, at all it is possible, because the reverse side of the medal for each loss is achievement, and for any acquisition - loss.

The main task for any state is not to stray from the chosen course.