Artistic design: types, methods, means

Artistic design (design) is a creative process, as well as a certain design method, with which industrial products are created. This concept is studied by such discipline as technical aesthetics.

Artistic design goes in parallel with engineering. At the same time, it allows solving economic, technical and constructive tasks. A specialist engaged in artistic design is called a designer or designer.

Stages of formation

The artistic design of products originates in the middle of the 19th century. Preparatory stage for its formation was a period that began with the very birth of human society, when there was a handicraft production of artisans. It was manual labor with primitive technologies. Production at the same time was carried out by the simplest tools of labor and was a short run. However, each piece issued by the master was useful to a person and took into account all his needs. At the same time, all the works of the handicraftsman were aesthetic and exclusive.

The arrival of industrial production was characterized by the release of "inhuman and cold things." At this stage, a primitive design appeared, when a prototype of prototypes produced by workers using machines was created by a specialist. At the same time, the engineering composition was involved in the economy and functionality of the goods. Designers were only responsible for the aesthetic appearance of the product. However, this did not suit the buyers. It turned out that designers, before creating prototypes of goods, it is necessary to study the technology of production and the properties of the materials used. This was due to the fact that the simplicity of handling products was given as much importance as their external forms. That's why the companies that manufacture the artistic design of industrial goods, began to come to engineers and designers, modelers and draftsmen, as well as specialists studying the market.

Then followed the design stage, combining the innovations of the previous two. Specialists began to work in industrial production, using a variety of technologies and materials. The designer ceased to be a designer and a prop for his things. He learned to think big, imagining the future creation. At the same time, he thought out beforehand how his product will affect the habitat and how it will get along in it.

The main task of the artistic designer was to preserve the purity of the idea, as well as the creation of a person-like thing, a functionally justified form. For this, the designer needed knowledge on the demographic situation, the sociology of life, physiology, psychology, ergonomics, medicine, etc.

What is the subject of artistic design?

The international organization of these specialists ICSID, which was founded in 1957, defined the main tasks, methods and scope of the designer's work. According to the concepts approved by her, the designer should implement the creative principles that exist in technical aesthetics. At the same time, he must adhere to the design method. The task of such a specialist is to determine the forms of services and items that meet the needs of the person and make his life fruitful.

The method of artistic design is to develop the original idea. When creating the future product, the designer collaborates with other specialists, determining the final form of the embodiment of the conceived.

In the scope of the artist-designer includes almost all objects created by man. Especially it concerns the goods of serial and mass production.

Proceeding from all the above, the subject of artistic design is technical aesthetics. It is also used in the process of forming a harmoniously developed personality.

Laws of artistic design

To date, there is some practical experience, as well as the conditions and principles used in design. With their use, artistic design allows you to create harmonious things. They are the ones who are in demand today.

Artistic design and design is the basis of modern design art. The author, when creating his things, uses public practice, the emotional impact of the surrounding nature and everyday observations. They tell him the ratio of proportions, shadows and colors, as well as plastic forms. At the same time, the author introduces a certain meaning into the product, which makes it possible to evoke aesthetic feelings and to cheer him up.

The means of artistic design that the designer uses are proportions and volumes, lines and planes, rhythms and colors, as well as a variety of ways to decorate. When they are used, the object is given one or another image that embodies the image conceived by the author.

The artist-designer in the course of his work must always think about the final consumer who will use the thing created by him. In this case, the designer needs to call on to help not only a wealth of imagination, but also a knowledge of technology, as well as the basics of skill. And if earlier, in the past centuries, as the basis for the artistic construction of things was the author's desire for splendor and imposition, today experts create comfortable and simple objects.

Proceeding from this, the regularity of modern design business lies in the unity of forms and the practical purpose of things. In this case, the properties and capabilities of the material used must be in accordance with the technology of the production process.

Types of design

Artistic design is classified into:

• Spiritual art design;
• Commercial design;
• Industrial Design.

Considering the types of artistic design, I want, first of all, to single out art design from them. This is the most elegant line in the creation of various things. Design solutions of this direction are based on the principles of high (pure) art. It would seem that the unusual objects created by the artists should not be of interest to all people. However, today the average consumer is also embracing a new direction. He likes things expressing subtle intonations, the warmth of human hands and deep feelings.

The next kind of artistic design is commercial design. This is a very serious and responsible business. It is a design of public premises and is aimed at making a profit. After all, the buyer, coming to the store, a bar or a restaurant, should be in a stylish and pleasant interior for him. No doubt, in a chic boutique, it is easier for a person to part with money than in a shabby store.

The third type of artistic design is industrial design. It is associated with household products manufactured in an industrial way. The qualitative and interesting design of the produced goods distinguishes them in the consumer market and interests the potential buyer. To date, there are such varieties of industrial design as transport and automotive art design.

Production of beautiful things

Virtually all the objects surrounding modern man, made with machines and machines. But, despite the fact that mass handicraft production is left in the distant past, we all want the things bought to be beautiful. That is why modern design and construction of products is inextricably linked with aesthetics. The development of design is promoted not only by the increased welfare of the population, but also by the emergence of new technologies, as well as ever-increasing competition in the market. For a person it became important that the objects surrounding him be beautiful and aesthetic. And for this, engineering and artistic design in industrial production should go hand in hand.

Aesthetic criteria for evaluating things

How to create a really beautiful subject? For this purpose, specialists use the laws of artistic design, seeking unity of form and content. Any product they create so that the proportionality of all its elements is observed. In this case, the subject must certainly be beautiful and represent a single whole. And for this, certain requirements must be fulfilled.

First of all, the proportionality of the product must be observed. For this, the existing form is divided into parts in a horizontal or vertical direction. Compliance with proportionality is especially important in the construction of skeletons of roofs and vessels, the manufacture of chairs and tables and many other things.

One of the visual properties of products is symmetry. Man has been observing it for many centuries in nature. Using symmetry, people create beautiful and perfect things.

One of the requirements of artistic design is the creation of a dynamic form. It is associated with equal proportions of all parts of the product. To the dynamic one can include the shapes of airplanes and trains, gliders and cars.

Another requirement of design is the static nature of the object, related to its immobility. Unlike dynamic, such things are massive and have a clear center of gravity. These are various machines and presses.

In the composition of the product, the contrast is very important. He contrasts and distinguishes various properties of the object. For example, the use of white and black colors, high and low elements, rough and smooth surfaces.

When creating things, the designer pays attention to the balance of their shape. It is a state where the elements of the right and left sides of the object are balanced with each other. Equilibrium is achieved by distributing all parts of the product relative to its center.

To create a beautiful thing, an important factor is its color design. It serves not only as one of the means of composition, but also as a factor of quality. Color helps to emphasize all the features of the shape of the object and create for the person psychological comfort.

The importance of artistic design for child development

The activities of toddlers in kindergarten are very diverse. They allow to support the child's interest in various activities and their comprehensive perception. Artistic design in the kindergarten develops the ability of children, their fiction, fantasy and creativity. It is a work with various materials, in the process of which aesthetically significant and useful objects are created. Classes in artistic design with paper and cardboard, wood and other materials draws children to various types of fine arts, showing interest in modeling and drawing, applications and other genres. As a result, the child develops cognitive needs. He acquires the ability to peer into the image of sculpture and painting, determining the methods of imaging used.

Artistic design in kindergarten, as a rule, meets the needs and interests of kids. Made crafts they use in their games. At the same time, the teacher has a wide opportunity for moral, intellectual and aesthetic education of preschool children.

The basics of artistic design studied by children, along with the acquisition of technical skills, make it possible to strengthen the ability to analyze surrounding objects, to form generalized ideas about the object being created, and to develop artistic taste and independent thinking.

Working with paper

Technical and artistic design using this material is studied by preschool children in separate classes. In this case, the teaching method is usually based on imitation.

Using artistic design from paper, children create fabulous figures, crafts decorating the interior, etc. At the same time, various techniques can be applied. This is twisting and crushing, tearing and cutting, and also bending. The last two techniques are considered the most difficult. However, it is precisely the bending and cutting during those studies where the artistic design of paper is studied, are the most common methods in pedagogical practice. They have successfully mastered children from the age of five. In three or four years, educators offer the child to crumple, twist and tear the paper. This is much easier for kids.

From Japan, we got another technique - kirsch. It consists in folding a sheet of paper and cutting it in different directions. Thus, figures of animals and little people, flowers and snowflakes, etc. are created. This technique is very artistic. Here the child requires strict observance of the order of actions and their repeated repetition.

The importance of working with paper

The artistic design of this material widens the horizons of children. At the same time preschoolers get knowledge about the properties of paper and the possibilities of its application. In addition, children are taught skills in planning their activities. Working with paper, children draw conclusions and perform a simple analysis, choose the right form and make a composition correctly. Such work promotes the development of accuracy, and also teaches careful attitude to the material used. Children begin to model, choosing the most unexpected use cases created by them.

Artistic design in school

Aesthetic education of children is continued in the lower grades. It also teaches the basics of artistic design. Students are assigned technical tasks, the solution of which requires mental tension. In this case, children learn to handle tools and process the material used.

At the lessons at school, students acquire knowledge about the possibility of various combinations of means of expressiveness used in artistic design.

This contributes to the formation of spatial thinking of the child, as well as the correct color perception. The schoolboy receives not only design knowledge, but also forms knowledge of the composition. All this helps to perceive the beauty of the surrounding world.

Classes in artistic design can be conducted in different ways. The creation of new objects is sometimes done under the dictation of the teacher. The teacher only shows the children the structural details and demonstrates the basic methods of their manufacture. After this, the students copy the actions of the teacher.

Design can be carried out and by analogy. In this case, children create objects under the direct supervision of the teacher. Then they are asked to make a similar design independently.

Create an item you can and patterned. In this case, students should analyze the finished structure and independently determine the number and shape of the necessary parts, as well as the sequence of their assembly. Such activities allow children to gain independence in the search activity.
Artistic design can be studied by creating an object according to your own design, according to given conditions or by a team of 2-4 people.