Winter onion: planting and care. When and how to plant winter onions. Technology of growing winter onions

The goal of each vegetable grower is to get a good quality harvest. Any culture has its own characteristic features of growing. The timing of planting and harvesting are interrelated. And it is clear the desire to receive products at an earlier time. There are various ways to accelerate the maturation of vegetables. Reduce the timing of obtaining onions can choose an ultra-early varieties and hybrids, as well as growing seedlings. Winter onion is a relatively new promising method, which does not require special expenses, which allows obtaining a high-quality early yield of the turnip.

Advantages

Grow winter onions, planting and care for which differ from traditional spring cultivation, on the shoulder of any vegetable grower, even beginner. This method, while observing certain technological methods and requirements, makes it possible to obtain a larger turnpike than spring onions, and to increase its yield. Plants are more resistant to major diseases and less prone to attack. This method contributes to the production of early products. The maturation period is reduced by 1-1.5 months. Seedlings are ripe for 2-3 weeks. There is no need to store the onion in winter.

Technology features

How to grow winter onions? The technology of cultivation is based on the use of varieties of short and medium day, having good winter hardiness qualities. The ratio of light and dark time of the day is a factor that influences the development of plants. This technology provides for stimulating the formation of turnip, provided a short day and relatively low temperatures.

When to plant winter onions? Plants should go under the winter with a strengthened leaf part. A green feather must have at least seven pieces. For this purpose, the terms of sowing seeds and planting sowing are determined.

The autumn period is preparatory to the cold season. Regular application of fertilizers at this time will allow the accumulation of sufficient nutrients. Before the onset of winter, the winter onion should already be well formed.

Planting and care

The described culture requires observance of biological and technological requirements. When choosing a site, one should take into account the conditions of crop rotation. Growing winter onions for several years in a row in one place is unacceptable. The best predecessors will be such crops as cereals, Cruciferae families, corn, cucumber, tomato. Do not put onions after plants such as parsley and celery, potatoes and beans.

The qualitative composition of the soil is important. Winter onions are placed on fertile soils with good drainage qualities and low acidity. Before the start of planting, mineral (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and organic fertilizers (humus) are applied. Do not use fresh manure. Be sure to remove the weed grass.

Optimum timing

Now determine when to plant winter onions. The time for planting should be given special attention. From their observance and the right technology depends the future harvest. Crops are carried out between August 15 and 25. Sevok is planted four weeks before the onset of persistent frosts. Plants must be in time to take root.

Features of sowing and planting

How to plant winter onions? From the correct landing depends on how the plant will winter. If certain rules are not followed to increase the winter hardiness of the crop, some plants may become frozen, which will lead to a decrease in yield.

Seeds of winter onion are sown with a ribbon four-string or three-line method. The distance between the rows is 35 cm. Before sowing carefully prepare the site for winter onions. Planting and care during the sowing season is often characterized by unfavorable weather conditions. Usually for this period, there are elevated temperatures and drought. Therefore, only quality seed should be used, which is treated with growth stimulants or pre-soaked. Prepared seeds are evenly distributed in grooves at the same depth, which is 2.5 or 3.5 cm. This value should be observed. At a shallower depth, the onion of the onion may freeze in winter. With its increase in the spring period, it is difficult to form a bulb. Care of crops is simple. They are regularly watered. Follow the soil layer, it should be loose. We should not tolerate the dominance of weeds, weeding is needed.

The onion of winter sowing is planted in rows, the distance between which is 40 or 45 cm. The depth of the onion plant is 3-6 cm. Between them, a distance of 5-6 cm is maintained. Select small size up to 1 cm in diameter. It tolerates cold winters well and the winter onion practically does not shoot. Planting and care must be carried out in accordance with the depth of sowing and seeding. The shelter of crops for the winter also stimulates the preservation of plants at low temperatures. They should not be thickened. The rows of winter onion mulch for the winter. Before that they are hilly. As a covering material, straw is used, as well as white agglomerates.

When snow falls, snow retention occurs. With sufficiently warm winters and thaws, care must be taken to ensure that the beds do not become blocked. This can lead to the death of plants.

Spring activities

After the melting of snow remove the mulching material from the site where the winter onion grows. Perform fertilizing. Further care consists in loosening rows and removing weeds. Produce regular moisturizing. This contributes to the rapid development of plants.

Pest and disease control

Winter onion is resistant to diseases. However, even a small manifestation of this or that infection in the autumn period significantly reduces winter hardiness and can lead to freezing of plants. To such diseases carry peronosporoz. The infection hibernates on the affected plants. Against it in the autumn period fungicides are used. Early spring is re-processed. Exceptions are plants intended for the green feather. They are not treated in spring. The main pest is onion fly, but it does not cause significant damage to winter crops. When a pest occurs, fungicides with a short period of action are used.

Varieties

Which varieties can be used when growing winter onions? Planting and nursing are designed for planting plants of a short day. This requires special varieties, different from those that are suitable for spring-growing onions. The use of spring varieties is unacceptable, plants will freeze. Most such bulbs with the onset of spring heat will throw an arrow. These plantings can be used on a green feather. In this case, the surviving planting material will not please the harvest.

Let's dwell on several varieties of winter onions, which are popular with vegetable growers. At present, high-quality seed material of domestic and foreign breeding is on sale.

Grade "Ellan"

Winter plants are characterized by good indicators early and winter-hardy. Among the domestic ones we should mention the "Ellan" variety. It differs early ripening maturation. With a good enough yields, it has excellent quality and a fairly large turnip. The weight of the bulbs reaches 90-100 g. They are round and slightly flattened, rich in yellow color. Plants are characterized by amicable growth and rapid bulb formation, high resistance to low temperatures and diseases. Seed is sown in late August or early September. In May or early June, you can start harvesting.

Variety "Winter"

Winter onion provides farmers with a quality early crop. Variety "Winter" early maturing. It is characterized by high growth rates of the aboveground part and the root system. High yields are combined with good quality bulbs. They have a rounded shape and a dark yellow color. The average weight of the turnip is 90-120 g. It is characterized by relative resistance to major diseases. Weakly damaged by pests. Seeds are sown in late August. Harvest in late May or early June.

Hybrid "Wolf F1"

Among the varieties of foreign selection can be identified this hybrid. He early ripening, Japanese type. Has a rounded shape. Bulbs of medium size reach 60 or 80 mm in diameter. The color of the cover scales is golden. The bulb is formed in late May or early June. The hybrid is resistant to rifling and has good winter hardiness qualities.

Variety "Stuttgart Riesen"

This winter onion is high-yielding. He was bred in Germany. Differs early maturation. From the growth of the seedling to the ripening of the commodity turnip, 65-75 days are sufficient. Stogramovye bulbs are rather dense, differ excellent quality. The form of the turnip is slightly flattened. Surface flakes have a yellow-brown color. The variety is recommended for planting by sowing for four weeks before the soil freezes.

You should also pay attention to such varieties as "Troy", "Centurion", "Hercules", "Radar".