Why do the leaves of grapes dry? Spots on the leaves of grapes

Grapes are a real gift of nature, a storehouse of vitamins and minerals, which are so important for the human body. Many amateur gardeners are engaged in growing this health berry, although this is not so simple. It is necessary to take into account many factors and characteristics that favor the normal growth of grapes, and very carefully monitor the appearance of various diseases, which, unfortunately, it can be affected.

Experienced gardeners know that if the leaves of the grapes began to become stained, this is the first sign of the disease of the plant. A disease that is not stopped in time can lead to the fact that not only the diseased bush will suffer, but also neighboring plants including.

The causes of grape disease

Finding out why the leaves of grapes dry or there were other changes in its appearance, one has to tend to the fact that the plant is sick.

The reasons for this may be different:

• Growing grapes in fairly cold northern regions already creates the risk that it will be prone to disease;
• Grapes under winter shelter are also in the risk zone, as there stagnation of air occurs, there is increased humidity, which is a favorable environment for the multiplication of various pathogens;
• Improper soil composition, lack of moisture, heat and light contributes to the emergence of non-infectious diseases, when not only the leaves of the grapes dry or brown, but the comb also dries, and the berries are crumbling (besides, the plant is very weak and becomes more susceptible to infectious diseases);
• Various bacteria, fungi and viruses are transmitted by the wind from diseased plants, and sometimes it is so difficult to fight with them that only replacing the affected bushes with more resistant varieties of grapes can get rid of this problem.

But, nevertheless, there are quite a lot of ways to combat grape diseases, you just need to correctly determine the type of disease and know how to get rid of each of them.

Downy mildew

This dangerous disease, which is also called mildew, is usually caused by a fungus that can affect not only the leaves of the grapes, but also the ovary and young shoots. The fact that the plant has infected the fungus is easily determined by the type of leaves. They are covered with bright spots of a yellowish shade from above, and a powdery white coating forms below. The fungus so quickly forms new spores, that they, being carried by the wind, immediately infect nearby bushes.

The leaves on the grafts of the grapes turn yellow and crumble, then the stains creep along the shoots, as a result of which the inflorescences die, and the berries begin to turn black, wrinkle and fall off.

A good means of preventing this disease is planting dill around the vine bushes. Also an excellent effect gives spraying with a Bordeaux mixture (1% solution) at a time when the buds are blooming and before the flowering begins. If the plant still fell ill with mildew, then again, when the first signs appear, it is sprinkled with a Bordeaux mixture or the Ridomil Gold preparation. You should know that the spraying is stopped a month before harvest.

If in your locality this disease is quite common, then, planting grapes, you should initially choose varieties resistant to mildew, and there are many of them.

The present powdery mildew

This disease - oidium, by the name of the fungus, which causes it, usually affects the above-ground part of the grapes in the arid hot season. The first sign is that spots appear on the leaves of grape of characteristic ash color, or the same plaque is formed on the entire surface of the leaf. Then the sheets wither and crumble, and the berries begin to crack.

If you do not get rid of this fungus, then it can safely overwinter on the fallen leaves and kidneys, and in the spring again annoy the plant.

Good preventive measures are such that they provide enough air for the grapes, namely: pruning of thick shoots, planting bushes at a sufficient distance, regular weeding.

As for the methods for eliminating the disease, it is effective to use chemical preparations, especially colloidal sulfur.

Gray rot

This defeat of grapes also applies to fungal diseases. Favorable conditions for its occurrence are a warm moist environment. It usually covers the above-ground part of the vine. First, the leaves of the grapes are affected, on which a fluffy gray coating appears. With the slightest movement of the leaves, it falls, and the disease spreads rapidly throughout the plant. Especially ripening or already ripe berries suffer. They become brown and quickly begin to decay, which makes them completely unfit for consumption.

Effective ways to combat gray rot are very simple. It is enough to remove all the affected parts from the bush, and then burn them. After that, the bush of grapes is sprinkled with a solution of baking soda, which is diluted at the rate of half a teaspoon per 1 liter of water or a solution of green soap is used.

Cercosporosis

If you notice that the leaves are drying at the grapes, which are covered with olive-colored bloom from below , and then fall off, you can rest assured that it is affected by such a fungal disease as cercosporosis. Then this plaque covers the velvet layer of the peduncles, after which the berries become firm, with a characteristic lilac ebb. When lightly touched, they fall to the ground.

To get rid of the plant from this fungus help such events:

• Removal of contaminated grape parts followed by their burning;
• Treatment of Bordeaux mixture at least 2-3 times;
• Careful care, which creates optimal growth conditions for the vine.

Rubella

This disease is known since time immemorial, when only began to cultivate the vine. It can be non-infectious and occur more often in a strong heat, which differs mid-summer. Red leaves of grapes - this is a characteristic sign, meaning that the plant lacks potassium. If you do not take measures in time, the grapes can die, and the timely use of fertilizers, which include 1% potassium nitrate, will successfully cope with this problem.

General preventive measures

Virtually there are no varieties of grapes that would not be affected by this or that disease. But if you remove the dying leaves in time, mulch the soil, water the vine in a timely manner, remove the stepchildren and feed them with nutrient mixtures, many diseases can be avoided by obtaining an excellent harvest of grapes.

Having adopted the recommendations suggested in the article, it is possible to grow a fine grapes, which will please its fruits for many years.