What is the southern sea in Russia? Description of the Black, Caspian and Azov Seas

The southern seas are of great importance for the Russian Federation. It is through these three water areas - the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian - the state is connected with foreign countries.

All marine areas play an important role in the country's economy. First, they perform many necessary functions, for example in the transport and industrial spheres. Secondly, the seas tend to attract tourists, which significantly increases the flow of money to the treasury of the state.

These water objects pass through the school course in sufficient volume, so you should prepare for the study. This article will help you get the basic knowledge that you will need when creating presentations or abstracts.

Brief description of the Black Sea

The Black Sea is the warmest among all water bodies in the Russian Federation. It does not freeze, so you can not find icebergs here. Its greatest depth is 2245 meters. This southern sea is different in that there are no islands on it. The number of bays that belong to this water area reaches a minimum level.

Unlike other southern seas of the Russian Federation, there are few fish in Black. And the matter, most likely, is that the water is saturated with hydrogen sulfide. The main commercial are mullet and mackerel. Also, a poor fishing world can be caused by pollution by sewage.

The largest Russian Black Sea port is the beautiful city of Novorossiysk. Thanks to it, the main transport of domestic oil to foreign countries is carried out.

Features of the Black Sea

The described southern sea (photo above) is constantly exposed to fluctuations in the water level. That is why there is no surprise at the fact that the naval archaeologists have found the most ancient settlements. They remained buried at the bottom.

Water also has a specific feature. The fact is that it consists of two layers. The first has a thickness of 100 meters, which is well supplied with oxygen. And in the lower layer there is a large content of hydrogen sulphide. At the bottom of the sea is almost a dead valley.

Sea of Azov

The second southern sea of the Russian Federation is the Azov Sea. On the territory it is one of the smallest on the planet and at the same time the shallowest. Its maximum depth is 14 m. And on average - no more than 7 m. In summer, the water warms up well, and the temperature reaches +28 ° C. In the winter, the Azov Sea is freezing.

Waters of the Azov Sea

Through the narrow and shallow Kerch Strait, this southern sea in Russia exchanges waters with the Black Sea. Due to favorable conditions, the described water area had a record number of fish a certain time ago. Basically, they include the following: beluga, sturgeon, pike perch, bream, herring and carp. Due to the decrease in the area of the water surface (this is due to the frequent construction of reservoirs and the fall of the water level), the described southern sea has become too salty and less productive.

Caspian Sea

The third southern sea of the Russian Federation is the Caspian Sea. It, unlike the previous two, is a closed reservoir. In the geographical concept is considered a lake. It has an elongated shape, stretched from north to south. Its length is 1200 km, and the width - on average 320 km.

Climate of the Caspian Sea

This southern sea is located in several climatic zones. In the north - in the continental, in the south - in the subtropical, in the central part - in the temperate. It often blow dry winds. In the winter season, the air temperature ranges from -8 to +10 ° C, in summer - from +24 to +28 ° C. On the part of Russia (in the northern part), the sea is subjected to severe glaciation, the ice thickness is about 2 meters. The ice continues to stand for about 3 months.

Features of the water area

The Caspian Sea is rich in unique species of fish. The most valuable of them are herring, sprat, sturgeon, beluga, vobla, carp, stellate sturgeon, sterlet.

Especially this is the southern sea. Where is it located? In a place where there are enough oil and gas fields. This is known to many, because it is thanks to this fact and famous reservoir. These oil deposits are open not only on the coasts, but also on the seabed. The main Russian fields are near the borders with such countries as Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.

Water Level Fluctuations and Consequences

Because of the frequent fluctuations in the water level, the Caspian Sea is experiencing problems. After all, as a result of flooding of nearby settlements and agricultural lands, the destruction of sea piers, industrial and port structures. Therefore, the fishing villages forcibly transferred to other areas, there is a constant redevelopment of coastal cities. What is the reason of such Caspian fluctuations? Experts believe that the matter is in the relief and climatic conditions.